Changes: New York City

Revision as of 06:06, 28 October 2011

New York is the most populous city in the United States^[1] and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world.^[2]^[3]^[4] New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters,^[5] New York is an important center for international affairs and is widely deemed the cultural capital of the world.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] The city is also referred to as New York City or the City of New York^[11] to distinguish it from the state of New York, of which it is a part.^[12]

Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors,^[13] New York City consists of five boroughs that were consolidated in 1898:^[14] The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island.^[15] With a 2010 United States Census population of 8,175,133^[16] distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km²),^[17]^[18]^[19] New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States.^[20] As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.^[21] The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, estimated at 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km²),^[22]^[23] and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.2 million people as of 2009 Census estimates.^[24] New York is the most highly googled location in the world; registering 4.6 billion search results as of September 2011.^[25]

New York traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic, and was named New Amsterdam in 1626.^[26] The city and its surrounds came under English control in 1664^[27]^[28] and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York.^[29]^[30] New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790.^[31] It has been the country's largest city since 1790.^[32] The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to America by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries^[33] and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.^[34]

Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known to its nearly 50 million annual visitors.^[35] Times Square, iconified as "The Crossroads of the World",^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway theater district,^[40] one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections,^[41] and a major center of the world's entertainment industry.^[42] The city hosts many world renowned bridges, skyscrapers,^[43] and parks. New York City's financial district, anchored by Wall Street in Lower Manhattan, functions as the financial capital of the world^[44]^[45]^[46]^[47]^[48]^[49]^[50] and is home to the New York Stock Exchange, the world's largest stock exchange by total market capitalization of its listed companies.^[51] Manhattan's real estate market is among the most prized and expensive in the world.^[52] Manhattan's Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere.^[53] Unlike most global rapid transit systems, the New York City Subway is designed to provide 24/7 service.^[54] Numerous colleges and universities are located in New York,^[55] including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, which are ranked among the top 100 in the world.^[56]

History

The region was inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans at the time of its European discovery in 1524^[57] by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who named it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême).^[58] European settlement began with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement, later called "Nieuw Amsterdam" (New Amsterdam), on the southern tip of Manhattan in 1614. Dutch colonial Director-General Peter Minuit purchased the island of Manhattan from the Lenape in 1626 for a value of 60 guilders^[59] (about $1000 in 2006);^[60] a disproved legend says that Manhattan was purchased for $24 worth of glass beads.^[61]^[62]

In 1664, the city was surrendered to the English and renamed "New York" after the English Duke of York and Albany.^[63] At the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War the Dutch gained control of Run (then a much more valuable asset) in exchange for the English controlling New Amsterdam (New York) in North America. Several intertribal wars among the Native Americans and some epidemics brought on by the arrival of the Europeans caused sizable population losses for the Lenape between the years 1660 and 1670.^[64] By 1700, the Lenape population had diminished to 200.^[65] In 1702, the city lost 10% of its population to yellow fever.^[66] New York underwent no fewer than seven important yellow fever epidemics from 1702 to 1800.^[67]

File:GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg

New Amsterdam as it appeared in 1664. Under British rule, it became known as "New York".

New York grew in importance as a trading port while under British rule. The city hosted the influential John Peter Zenger trial in 1735, helping to establish the freedom of the press in North America. In 1754, Columbia University was founded under charter by George II of Great Britain as King's College in Lower Manhattan.^[68] The Stamp Act Congress met in New York in October of 1765 as the Sons of Liberty organized in the city, skirmishing over the next ten years with British troops stationed there.

During the American Revolution, the largest battle of the war, the Battle of Long Island, was fought in August 1776 entirely within the modern day borough of Brooklyn. After the battle, in which the Americans were routed, leaving subsequent smaller engagements following in its wake, the city became the British military and political base of operations in North America. The city was a haven for Loyalist refugees, until the war ended in 1783. The only attempt at a peaceful solution to the war took place at the Conference House on Staten Island between American delegates including Benjamin Franklin, and British general Lord Howe on September 11, 1776. Shortly after the British occupation began the Great Fire of New York occurred, a large conflagration which destroyed about a quarter of the buildings in the city, including Trinity Church.^[69]

The assembly of the Congress of the Confederation made New York the national capital in 1785, shortly after the war. New York was the last capital of the U.S. under the Articles of Confederation and the first capital under the Constitution of the United States. In 1789 the first President of the United States, George Washington, was inaugurated; the first United States Congress and the Supreme Court of the United States each assembled for the first time, and the United States Bill of Rights was drafted, all at Federal Hall on Wall Street.^[70] By 1790, New York had surpassed Philadelphia as the largest city in the United States.

In the 19th century, the city was transformed by immigration and development.^[71] A visionary development proposal, the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, expanded the city street grid to encompass all of Manhattan, and the 1819 opening of the Erie Canal connected the Atlantic port to the vast agricultural markets of the North American interior.^[72] Local politics fell under the domination of Tammany Hall, a political machine supported by Irish immigrants.^[73] Several prominent American literary figures lived in New York during the 1830s and 1840s, including William Cullen Bryant, Washington Irving, Herman Melville, Rufus Wilmot Griswold, John Keese, Nathaniel Parker Willis, and Edgar Allan Poe. Public-minded members of the old merchant aristocracy lobbied for the establishment of Central Park, which became the first landscaped park in an American city in 1857. A significant free-black population also existed in Manhattan and Brooklyn. Slaves had been held in New York through 1827, but during the 1830s New York became a center of interracial abolitionist activism in the North. New York's black population was over 16,000 in 1840.^[74] The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants, and by 1860, one in four New Yorkers – over 200,000 – had been born in Ireland.^[75]

File:Manhattan00.jpg

Bird's eye view print of Manhattan & New York City, 1873.

Anger at military conscription during the American Civil War (1861–1865) led to the Draft Riots of 1863, one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history.^[76]

In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then a separate city), the County of New York (which then included parts of the Bronx), the County of Richmond, and the western portion of the County of Queens.^[77] The opening of the subway in 1904 helped bind the new city together. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication. However, this development did not come without a price. In 1904, the steamship General Slocum caught fire in the East River, killing 1,021 people on board.

In 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, the city's worst industrial disaster until the 9/11 World Trade Center disaster, took the lives of 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union and major improvements in factory safety standards.^[78]

File:NewYorkCityManhattanRockefellerCenter.jpg

Midtown Manhattan, New York City, from Rockefeller Center, 1932

New York's nonwhite population was 36,620 in 1890.^[79] In the 1920s, New York City was a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration from the American South. By 1916, New York City was home to the largest urban African diaspora in North America. The Harlem Renaissance flourished during the era of Prohibition, coincident with a larger economic boom that saw the skyline develop with the construction of competing skyscrapers.

New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in early 1920s, overtaking London, and the metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history.^[80] The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello LaGuardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance.^[81]

Returning World War II veterans created a postwar economic boom and the development of large housing tracts in eastern Queens. New York emerged from the war unscathed as the leading city of the world, with Wall Street leading America's place as the world's dominant economic power. The United Nations Headquarters (completed in 1950) emphasized New York's political influence, and the rise of abstract expressionism in the city precipitated New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world.^[82]

File:Stonewall Inn New York 002.JPG

The Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village, a designated National Historic Landmark as the site of the 1969 Stonewall Rebellion.^[83]

File:UA Flight 175 hits WTC south tower 9-11 edit.jpeg

United Airlines Flight 175 hits the South Tower of the former World Trade Center on September 11, 2001.

In the 1960s, New York City began to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates. While a resurgence in the financial industry greatly improved the city's economic health in the 1980s, New York's crime rate continued a steep uphill climb through the decade and into the beginning of the 1990s.^[84] By the 1990s, crime rates started to drop dramatically due to increased police presence and gentrification, and many American transplants and waves of new immigrants arrived from Asia and Latin America. Important new sectors, such as Silicon Alley, emerged in the city's economy and New York's population reached an all-time high in the 2000 census.

The city was one of the sites of the September 11, 2001 attacks, when nearly 3,000 people died in the destruction of the World Trade Center.^[85] A new One World Trade Center, a World Trade Center Memorial, and three other office towers are being built on the site and are scheduled for completion by 2014. The new World Trade Center site skyscrapers, memorial, and a new transportation hub that are under construction at the site will bring about a more modern Lower Manhattan and restore the skyline of New York City.^[86]

Culture and contemporary life

File:Metropolitan museum of art 2.jpg

The Metropolitan Museum of Art is one of the largest museums in the world.

“	Culture just seems to be in the air, like part of the weather	”
—Tom Wolfe^[87]

Numerous major American cultural movements began in the city, such as the Harlem Renaissance, which established the African-American literary canon in the United States.

The city was a center of jazz in the 1940s, abstract expressionism in the 1950s and the birthplace of hip hop in the 1970s. The city's punk and hardcore scenes were influential in the 1970s and 1980s, and the city has long had a flourishing scene for Jewish American literature.

The city prominently excels in its spheres of art, cuisine, dance, music, opera, theater, independent film, fashion, museums, and literature. The city is the birthplace of many cultural movements, including the Harlem Renaissance in literature and visual art; abstract expressionism (also known as the New York School) in painting; and hip hop,^[88] punk,^[89] salsa, disco, freestyle, and Tin Pan Alley in music. New York City has been considered the dance capital of the world.^[90]^[91]^[92] The city is also widely celebrated in popular lore, featured frequently as the setting for books, movies (see New York in film), and television programs.

Entertainment and performing arts

File:Lincoln Center Twilight.jpg

Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts

The city is also prominent in the American film industry. Manhatta (1920), an early avant-garde film, was filmed in the city.^[93]

Today, New York City is the second largest center for the film industry in the United States. The city has more than 2,000 arts and cultural organizations and more than 500 art galleries of all sizes.^[94]

The city government funds the arts with a larger annual budget than the National Endowment for the Arts.^[94] Wealthy industrialists in the 19th century built a network of major cultural institutions, such as the famed Carnegie Hall and Metropolitan Museum of Art, that would become internationally established.

The advent of electric lighting led to elaborate theater productions, and in the 1880s New York City theaters on Broadway and along 42nd Street began featuring a new stage form that became known as the Broadway musical. Strongly influenced by the city's immigrants, productions such as those of Harrigan and Hart, George M. Cohan and others used song in narratives that often reflected themes of hope and ambition. Today these productions are a staple of the New York theater scene.

The city's 39 largest theaters (with more than 500 seats each) are collectively known as "Broadway," after the major thoroughfare that crosses the Times Square theater district.^[95] This area is sometimes referred to as The Main Stem, The Great White Way or The Rialto.

Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts is home to 12 influential arts organizations, including Jazz at Lincoln Center, Metropolitan Opera, New York City Opera, New York Philharmonic. New York City Ballet, the Vivian Beaumont Theatre, the Juilliard School and Alice Tully Hall. It is the largest performing arts center in the United States.

Central Park SummerStage presents performances of free plays and music in Central Park.

Tourism

File:New york times square-terabass.jpg

Times Square has the highest annual attendance rate of any tourist attraction in the US.^[96]

Tourism is one of New York City's most vital industries, with more than 40 million combined domestic and international tourists visiting each year in the past five years.^[97] Major destinations include the Empire State Building; Statue of Liberty; Ellis Island; Broadway theater productions; museums such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art; greenspaces such as Central Park and Washington Square Park; Rockefeller Center; Times Square; luxury shopping along Fifth and Madison Avenues; and events such as the Halloween Parade in Greenwich Village, the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, the St. Patrick's Day parade, seasonal activities such as ice skating in Central Park in the wintertime, the Tribeca Film Festival, and free performances in Central Park at Summerstage. Special experiences outside the key tourist areas of the city include, but are not limited to the Bronx Zoo; Coney Island; and the New York Botanical Garden.

In 2010, New York City had a record number of tourists with 48.7 million.^[98] Since the United States economy is still recovering, Mayor Michael Bloomberg's goal is to break the record again in 2012 by drawing more than 50 million tourists.^[99]

Media

File:Rockefeller Center (2006).JPG

Rockefeller Center, home to NBC Studios

New York is a center for the television, advertising, music, newspaper, and book publishing industries and is also the largest media market in North America (followed by Los Angeles, Chicago, and Toronto).^[100]

Some of the city's media conglomerates include Time Warner, the Thomson Reuters Corporation, the News Corporation, The New York Times Company, NBCUniversal, the Hearst Corporation, and Viacom. Seven of the world's top eight global advertising agency networks have their headquarters in New York.^[101] Two of the "Big Four" record labels' headquarters, are in New York City - Sony Music Entertainment and Warner Music Group. Universal Music Group and EMI also have major offices in New York. One-third of all American independent films are produced in New York.^[102]

More than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines have an office in the city^[102] and the book-publishing industry employs about 25,000 people.^[103]

Two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States are New York papers: The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, which has won the most Pulitzer Prizes for journalism.

Major tabloid newspapers in the city include: The New York Daily News which was founded in 1919 by Joseph Medill Patterson^[104] and The New York Post, founded in 1801 by Alexander Hamilton.^[105]

The city also has a comprehensive ethnic press, with 270 newspapers and magazines published in more than 40 languages.^[106] El Diario La Prensa is New York's largest Spanish-language daily and the oldest in the nation.^[107] The New York Amsterdam News, published in Harlem, is a prominent African American newspaper. The Village Voice is the largest alternative newspaper

The television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy.

The four major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, FOX, and NBC. Many cable channels are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, and Comedy Central.

In 2005, there were more than 100 television shows taped in New York City.^[108]

New York is also a major center for non-commercial educational media. The oldest public-access television channel in the United States is the Manhattan Neighborhood Network, founded in 1971.^[109] WNET is the city's major public television station and a primary source of national Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television programming. WNYC, a public radio station owned by the city until 1997, has the largest public radio audience in the United States.^[110]

The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV,^[111] that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government.

Sports

File:Yankee Stadium II.JPG

The new Yankee Stadium, home to the New York Yankees since 2009.

File:Citi Field Home Opener.JPG

Citi Field in Queens, home to the New York Mets since 2009.

There have been thirty-five Major League Baseball World Series won by New York teams. It is one of only five metro areas (Chicago, Washington-Baltimore, Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay Area being the others) to have two baseball teams. Additionally, there have been fourteen World Series played exclusively by New York City teams, most recently in 2000, far more than any other metropolitan area that has had baseball teams in both the American League and National League. The city's two current Major League Baseball teams are the New York Yankees and the New York Mets, who compete in six games every regular season called the Subway Series. The Yankees have won a record 27 championships, while the Mets have won the World Series twice. The city also was once home to the New York Giants (now the San Francisco Giants) and the Brooklyn Dodgers (now the Los Angeles Dodgers). Both teams moved to California in 1958. There are also two minor league baseball teams in the city, the Staten Island Yankees and Brooklyn Cyclones.

The city is represented in the National Football League by the New York Jets and New York Giants (officially the New York Football Giants), although both teams play their home games at New Meadowlands Stadium in nearby East Rutherford, New Jersey. The stadium will host Super Bowl XLVIII in 2014.

File:2005 New York City Marathon.jpg

The New York Marathon is the largest marathon in the world.^[112]

The New York Rangers represent the city in the National Hockey League. Within the metropolitan area are two other NHL franchises, the New Jersey Devils, who play in nearby Newark, New Jersey and appeal mostly to the fans of Northern and Central New Jersey, and the New York Islanders, who play in Nassau County, Long Island and draw the majority of their fans from Nassau and Suffolk Counties. This is the only instance of a single metropolitan area having three teams within one of the four major North American professional sports leagues.

The city's National Basketball Association team is the New York Knicks and the city's Women's National Basketball Association team is the New York Liberty. Also within the metropolitan area are the New Jersey Nets, who currently share the Prudential Center in Newark with the Devils, but will be moving to Brooklyn's Barclays Center when it is complete in 2012 and thereafter be known as the Brooklyn Nets. The first national college-level basketball championship, the National Invitation Tournament, was held in New York in 1938 and remains in the city.^[113] Rucker Park in Harlem is a celebrated court where many professional athletes play in the summer league.

File:Arthur ashe stadium interior.jpg

The U.S. Open, held in Queens, is the fourth and final annual event of the Grand Slam tennis tournaments.

In soccer, New York is represented by the Major League Soccer side, New York Red Bulls. The Red Bulls play their home games at Red Bull Arena in nearby Harrison, New Jersey.

Queens is host of the U.S. Tennis Open, one of the four annual Grand Slam tournaments. The New York Marathon is one of the world's largest, and the 2004–2006 events hold the top three places in the marathons with the largest number of finishers, including 37,866 finishers in 2006.^[112] The Millrose Games is an annual track and field meet whose featured event is the Wanamaker Mile. Boxing is also a prominent part of the city's sporting scene, with events like the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves being held at Madison Square Garden each year.

Many sports are associated with New York's immigrant communities. Stickball, a street version of baseball, was popularized by youths in working class Italian, German, and Irish neighborhoods in the 1930s. A street in The Bronx has been renamed Stickball Blvd, as tribute to New York's most known street sport.^[114]

Demographics

City compared to State & U.S.
2000 Census^[115]	NY City	NY State	U.S.
Total population	8,213,839	18,976,457	281,421,906
Population, percent change, 1990 to 2000	+9.4%	+5.5%	+13.1%
Population density	26,403/mi²	402/mi²	80/mi²
Median household income (1999)	$38,293	$43,393	$41,994
Bachelor's degree or higher	27%	27%	29%
Foreign born	36%	20%	11%
White (non-Hispanic)	35%	62%	67%
Black	28%	16%	12%
Hispanic (any race)	27%	15%	11%
Asian	10%	6%	4%

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1698	4,937	—
1712	5,840	+18.3%
1723	7,248	+24.1%
1737	10,664	+47.1%
1746	11,717	+9.9%
1756	13,046	+11.3%
1771	21,863	+67.6%
1790	49,401	+126.0%
1800	79,216	+60.4%
1810	119,734	+51.1%
1820	152,056	+27.0%
1830	242,278	+59.3%
1840	391,114	+61.4%
1850	696,115	+78.0%
1860	1,174,779	+68.8%
1870	1,478,103	+25.8%
1880	1,911,698	+29.3%
1890	2,507,414	+31.2%
1900	3,437,202	+37.1%
1910	4,766,883	+38.7%
1920	5,620,048	+17.9%
1930	6,930,446	+23.3%
1940	7,454,995	+7.6%
1950	7,891,957	+5.9%
1960	7,781,984	−1.4%
1970	7,894,862	+1.5%
1980	7,071,639	−10.4%
1990	7,322,564	+3.5%
2000	8,008,288	+9.4%
2010	8,175,133	+2.1%
Note: Census figures (1790–2010) cover the present area of all five boroughs, before and after the 1898 consolidation. For New York City itself before annexing part of the Bronx in 1874, see Manhattan#Demographics.^[116] Sources: 1698–1771,^[117] 1790–1890,^[116]^[118] 1900–1990,^[119] 2000 and 2010 Census.^[120]^[121]

New York is the most populous city in the United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population stood at a record high of 8,175,133, a 2.1% increase from the 8 million counted in 2000. Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg immediately challenged the Census Bureau’s 2010 data as representing an undercount upon release.^[122] This amounts to about 40% of the state of New York's population and a similar percentage of the metropolitan regional population. In 2006, demographers estimated that New York's population will reach between 9.2 and 9.5 million by 2030.^[123] The city's population in 2010 was 33% white (non-Hispanic), 23% black (non-Hispanic), and 13% Asian. Hispanics of any race represented 29% of the population, while Asians constituted the fastest growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010; the non-Hispanic white population declined 3 percent, the smallest recorded decline in decades; and for the first time since the Civil War, the number of blacks declined over a decade.^[122]

File:Mulberry Street NYC c1900 LOC 3g04637u edit.jpg

Manhattan's Little Italy, Lower East Side, circa 1900

Two demographic points are New York City's density and ethnic diversity. In 2010, the city had a population density of 27,532 people per square mile (10,630/km²), rendering it the most densely populated of all municipalities with over 100,000 population in the United States; however, several small cities in adjacent Hudson County, New Jersey are actually more dense overall, as per the 2000 Census.^[124] Geographically co-extensive with New York County, conversely, the borough of Manhattan's population density of 66,940 people per square mile^[125] (25,846/km²) makes it the highest of any county in the United States^[126] and higher than the density of any individual American city.

New York City's population is exceptionally diverse.^[127] Throughout its history the city has been a major point of entry for immigrants; more than 12 million European immigrants passed through Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924.^[128] The term "melting pot" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side. By 1900, Germans constituted the largest immigrant group, followed by the Irish, Jews, and Italians.^[129]

Approximately 36% of the city's population is foreign-born.^[130] Among American cities, this proportion is higher only in Los Angeles and Miami.^[131] While the immigrant communities in those cities are dominated by a few nationalities, in New York no single country or region of origin dominates. The ten largest sources of foreign-born individuals in the metropolitan area are the Dominican Republic, China, Jamaica, Mexico, India, Ecuador, Italy, Haiti, Colombia, and Guyana.^[132] The New York region continues to be the leading metropolitan gateway for legal immigrants admitted into the United States.^[133]

File:Chinatown manhattan 2009.JPG

Manhattan Chinatown

The New York City metropolitan area is home to the largest Jewish community outside Israel.^[134] It is also home to nearly a quarter of the nation's Indian Americans and 15% of all Korean Americans;^[135]^[136] the largest African American community of any city in the country; and including 6 Chinatowns in the city proper,^[137] comprised as of 2008 a population of 659,596 overseas Chinese,^[138] the largest outside of Asia. New York City alone, according to the 2010 Census, has now become home to more than one million Asian Americans, greater than the combined totals of San Francisco and Los Angeles.^[139] New York contains the highest total Asian population of any U.S. city proper.^[140] 6.0% of New York City is of Chinese ethnicity, with about forty percent of them living in the borough of Queens alone. Koreans make up 1.2% of the city's population, and Japanese at 0.3%. Filipinos are the largest southeast Asian ethnic group at 0.8%, followed by Vietnamese who make up only 0.2% of New York City's population. Indians are the largest South Asian group, comprising 2.4% of the city's population, and Bangladeshis and Pakistanis at 0.7% and 0.5%, respectively.^[141]

There are also substantial Puerto Rican and Dominican populations. Another significant ethnic group is Italians, who emigrated to the city in large numbers in the early twentieth century, mainly from Sicily and other parts of southern Italy. The Irish also have a notable presence; one in 50 New Yorkers of European origin carries a distinctive genetic signature on his Y chromosome inherited from the clan of Niall of the Nine Hostages, an Irish king of the fifth century A.D.^[142] or from one of the related clans of Uí Briúin and Uí Fiachrach.^[143]

The metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States.^[144] Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.^[145]

New York City has a high degree of income disparity. In 2005 the median household income in the wealthiest census tract was $188,697, while in the poorest it was $9,320.^[146] The disparity is driven by wage growth in high income brackets, while wages have stagnated for middle and lower income brackets. In 2006 the average weekly wage in Manhattan was $1,453, the highest and fastest growing among the largest counties in the United States.^[147] The borough is also experiencing a baby boom that is unique among American cities. Since 2000, the number of children under age 5 living in Manhattan grew by more than 32%.^[148]

External links

NYC.gov is the official website of New York City.
NYCvisit.com is the official tourism website of New York City.
New York City at the Open Directory Project
NYCityMap is an interactive map of New York City, and includes subway stations and entrances.
Template:Wikisource1911Enc Citation
More than 62,000 historic photographs of New York City are available online through the Museum of the City of New York.
BeautyOfNYC explains the beauty of New York City landmarks, art, and poetry.
The City Guide has many articles on New York City and historical architectural information by Carter B. Horsley, writer for The New York Sun newspaper.
New York A Documentary Film directed by Ric Burns is a cinematic history of the city from its beginnings through 2003.

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↑ "Introduction to Chapter 13: Culture". The Weissman Center for International Business, Baruch College/CUNY 2010. http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/chapter13_files/intro.htm. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
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[137] Kirk Semple (2011-06-23). "Asian New Yorkers Seek Power to Match Numbers". The New York Times Company. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/nyregion/asian-new-yorkers-asian-new-yorkers-seek-power-to-match-surging-numbers.html?scp=1&sq=asians&st=cse. Retrieved 2011-07-05.

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[140] "Asian American Statistics". © 2011 Améredia Incorporated. http://www.ameredia.com/resources/demographics/asian_american.html. Retrieved 2011-07-05.

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[143] O'Neill; McLaughlin (2006). "Insights Into the O'Neills of Ireland from DNA Testing". Journal of Genetic Genealogy. http://www.jogg.info/22/ONeill.htm.

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