The Super Bowl is the annual American football game that determines the champion of the National Football League (NFL). The game culminates a season that begins in the previous calendar year, and is the conclusion of the NFL playoffs. The winner receives the Vince Lombardi Trophy. The contest is held in an American city, chosen three to four years beforehand,[1] usually at warm-weather sites or domed stadiums.[2] Since January 1971, the winner of the American Football Conference (AFC) Championship Game has faced the winner of the National Football Conference (NFC) Championship Game in the culmination of the NFL playoffs.
Before the 1970 merger between the American Football League (AFL) and the National Football League (NFL), the two leagues met in four such contests. The first two were marketed as the "AFL–NFL World Championship Game", but were also casually referred to as "the Super Bowl game" during the television broadcast.[3] Super Bowl III in January 1969 was the first such game that carried the "Super Bowl" moniker in official marketing; the names "Super Bowl I" and "Super Bowl II" were retroactively applied to the first two games.[4] The NFC/NFL leads in Super Bowl wins with 27, while the AFC/AFL has won 26. 20 franchises, including teams that have relocated to another city, have won the Super Bowl.[5]
The New England Patriots (6–5) and Pittsburgh Steelers (6–2) have won the most Super Bowls with six championships, while the Dallas Cowboys (5–3) and the San Francisco 49ers (5–1) have five wins. New England has the most Super Bowl appearances with 11, while the Buffalo Bills (0–4) have the most consecutive appearances with four (all losses) from 1990 to 1993. The Miami Dolphins (1971–1973) and New England Patriots (2016–2018) are the only other teams to have at least three consecutive appearances. The Denver Broncos (3–5) and Patriots have each lost a record five Super Bowls. The Minnesota Vikings (0–4) and the Bills have lost four. The record for consecutive wins is two and is shared by seven franchises: the Green Bay Packers (1966–1967), the Miami Dolphins (1972–1973), the Pittsburgh Steelers (1974–1975 and 1978–1979, the only team to accomplish this feat twice and the only team with four wins in six consecutive seasons), the San Francisco 49ers (1988–1989), the Dallas Cowboys (1992–1993), the Denver Broncos (1997–1998), and the New England Patriots (2003–2004). Among those, Dallas (1992–1993; 1995) and New England (2001; 2003–2004) are the only teams to win three out of four consecutive Super Bowls. The 1972 Dolphins capped off the only perfect season in NFL history with their victory in Super Bowl VII. The only team with multiple Super Bowl appearances and no losses is the Baltimore Ravens, who in winning Super Bowl XLVII defeated and replaced the 49ers in that position. Four current NFL teams have never appeared in a Super Bowl, including franchise relocations and renaming: the Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Houston Texans, though both the Browns (1950, 1954, 1955, 1964) and Lions (1935, 1952, 1953, 1957) had won NFL Championship Games prior to the creation of the Super Bowl in the 1966 season.
Super Bowl championship (1966–present)[]
Numbers in parentheses in the table are Super Bowl appearances as of the date of that Super Bowl and are used as follows:
- Winning team and losing team columns indicate the number of times that team has appeared in a Super Bowl as well as each respective teams' Super Bowl record to date.
- Venue column indicates number of times that stadium has hosted a Super Bowl.
- City column indicates number of times that metropolitan area has hosted a Super Bowl.
(1967–1970) | (1971–present) |
---|---|
National Football League (NFL) | National Football Conference (NFC) |
NFL championn (4, 2–2) |
NFC championN (49, 25–24) |
American Football League (AFL) | American Football Conference (AFC) |
AFL championa (4, 2–2) |
AFC championA (49, 24–25) |
Consecutive wins[]
Seven franchises have won consecutive Super Bowls, one of which (Pittsburgh) has accomplished it twice:
- Green Bay Packers (Super Bowls I and II)
- Miami Dolphins (VII and VIII)
- Pittsburgh Steelers (twice: IX and X; XIII and XIV)
- San Francisco 49ers (XXIII and XXIV)
- Dallas Cowboys (XXVII and XXVIII)
- Denver Broncos (XXXII and XXXIII)[n 23]
- New England Patriots (XXXVIII and XXXIX)
No franchise has yet won three Super Bowls in a row, although six of the above seven have come close.[n 24]
- The Green Bay Packers won the first two Super Bowls, and also won the NFL Championship Game the preceding year.
- The Miami Dolphins appeared in three consecutive Super Bowls (VI, VII, and VIII) – winning the last two.
- The Pittsburgh Steelers won two consecutive Super Bowls (IX and X); the following season they were eliminated in the AFC Championship Game by the eventual Super Bowl XI champion Oakland Raiders. They also won two more consecutive Super Bowls (XIII and XIV) for four wins in six seasons.
- The San Francisco 49ers won two consecutive Super Bowls (XXIII and XXIV); the following season they were eliminated in the NFC Championship Game by the eventual Super Bowl XXV champion New York Giants.
- The Dallas Cowboys won two consecutive Super Bowls (XXVII and XXVIII); the following season they were eliminated in the NFC Championship Game by the eventual Super Bowl XXIX champion San Francisco 49ers. The Cowboys won Super Bowl XXX the following year for three wins in four seasons.
- The New England Patriots won Super Bowl XXXVI, which was two years before their consecutive wins in XXXVIII and XXXIX, for three wins in four seasons. They did not make the playoffs in the intervening season (XXXVII). The Patriots also won Super Bowls XLIX, LI, and LIII for three wins in five seasons. In the two intervening seasons they were eliminated in the AFC Championship Game by the eventual Super Bowl 50 champion Denver Broncos and lost to the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl LII two years later. Like the Dolphins, they also appeared in three consecutive Super Bowls (LI, LII, and LIII).
Consecutive losses[]
Three franchises have lost consecutive Super Bowls:
- Buffalo Bills (4) (Super Bowls XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII) – The only team to appear in four straight Super Bowls, they lost in all four appearances.
- Minnesota Vikings (2) (VIII and IX) – They also lost Super Bowl XI, and were knocked out of the playoffs for Super Bowl X by the eventual losers the Dallas Cowboys for three losses in four seasons.
- Denver Broncos (2) (XXI and XXII) – They also lost Super Bowl XXIV, but did not even make the playoffs for Super Bowl XXIII for three losses in four seasons.[n 23]
Consecutive appearances[]
The Buffalo Bills have the most consecutive appearances with four (all losses) from 1990 to 1993. The Miami Dolphins (1971–1973) and New England Patriots (2016–2018) are the only other teams to have at least three consecutive appearances. Including those three, 11 teams have at least two consecutive appearances. The Dallas Cowboys are the only team with three separate streaks (1970–1971, 1977–1978, and 1992–1993). The Green Bay Packers, Pittsburgh Steelers, Denver Broncos,[n 23] and New England Patriots have each had two separate consecutive appearances. The full listing of teams with consecutive appearances is below in order of first occurrence; winning games are bolded:
- Green Bay Packers (twice: Super Bowls I and II; XXXI and XXXII)
- Dallas Cowboys (thrice: V and VI; XII and XIII; XXVII and XXVIII)
- Miami Dolphins (VI, VII, and VIII)
- Minnesota Vikings (VIII and IX)
- Pittsburgh Steelers (twice: IX and X; XIII and XIV)
- Washington Redskins (XVII and XVIII)
- Denver Broncos (twice: XXI and XXII; XXXII and XXXIII)[n 23]
- San Francisco 49ers (XXIII and XXIV)
- Buffalo Bills (XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII)
- New England Patriots (twice: XXXVIII and XXXIX; LI, LII, and LIII)
- Seattle Seahawks (XLVIII and XLIX)
Super Bowl rematches[]
The following teams have faced each other more than once in the Super Bowl:[n 26]
- 3 times – Pittsburgh Steelers (1975: Super Bowl X and 1978: XIII) vs. Dallas Cowboys (1995: XXX) see also Cowboys–Steelers rivalry
- 2 times – Miami Dolphins (1972: VII) vs. Washington Redskins (1982: XVII)
- 2 times – San Francisco 49ers (1981: XVI and 1988: XXIII) vs. Cincinnati Bengals
- 2 times – Dallas Cowboys (1992: XXVII and 1993: XXVIII) vs. Buffalo Bills[n 27]
- 2 times – New York Giants (2007: XLII and 2011: XLVI) vs. New England Patriots
- 2 times – New England Patriots (2004: XXXIX) vs. Philadelphia Eagles (2017: LII)
- 2 times – New England Patriots (2001: XXXVI and 2018: LIII) vs. St. Louis/Los Angeles Rams
Super Bowl appearances by team[]
In the sortable table below, teams are ordered first by number of appearances, then by number of wins, and finally by number of years since last appearing in a Super Bowl. In the "Seasons" column, bold years indicate winning seasons, and italic years indicate games not yet completed.
NFLn/NFCN teams (27–26) | AFLa/AFCA teams (26–27) |
NFLn/AFCA team (0–1 as part of the NFL, 2–1 as part of the AFC)[n 25] |
Appearances | Team | Wins | Losses | Winning percentage |
Seasons | Years since last app. |
Years since last win |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11 | New England PatriotsA | 6 | 5 | .545 | 1985,A 1996,A 2001,A 2003,A 2004,A 2007,A 2011,A 2014,A 2016,A 2017,A 2018A | 5 | 5 |
8 | Pittsburgh SteelersA[n 25] | 6 | 2 | .750 | 1974,A 1975,A 1978,A 1979,A 1995,A 2005,A 2008,A 2010A | 13 | 15 |
8 | Dallas CowboysN | 5 | 3 | .625 | 1970,N 1971,N 1975,N 1977,N 1978,N 1992,N 1993,N 1995N | 28 | 28 |
8 | Denver BroncosA | 3 | 5 | .375 | 1977,A 1986,A 1987,A 1989,A 1997,A 1998,A 2013,A 2015A | 8 | 8 |
6 | San Francisco 49ersN[n 28] | 5 | 1 | .833 | 1981,N 1984,N 1988,N 1989,N 1994N, 2012N | 11 | 29 |
5 | Green Bay PackersnN | 4 | 1 | .800 | 1966,n 1967,n 1996,N 1997,N 2010N | 13 | 13 |
5 | New York GiantsN | 4 | 1 | .800 | 1986,N 1990,N 2000,N 2007,N 2011N | 12 | 12 |
5 | Washington RedskinsN | 3 | 2 | .600 | 1972,N 1982,N 1983,N 1987,N 1991N | 32 | 32 |
5 | Los Angeles/Oakland RaidersaA | 3 | 2 | .600 | 1967,a 1976,A 1980,A 1983,A 2002A | 22 | 40 |
5 | Miami DolphinsA | 2 | 3 | .400 | 1971,A 1972,A 1973,A 1982,A 1984A | 39 | 51 |
4 | Baltimore/Indianapolis ColtsnA[n 25] | 2 | 2 | .500 | 1968,n 1970,A 2006,A 2009A | 14 | 17 |
4 | St. Louis/Los Angeles RamsN | 1 | 3 | .250 | 1979,N 1999,N 2001,N 2018N | 5 | 24 |
4 | Minnesota VikingsnN | 0 | 4 | .000 | 1969,n 1973,N 1974,N 1976N | 47 | 58 |
4 | Buffalo BillsA | 0 | 4 | .000 | 1990,A 1991,A 1992,A 1993A | 30 | 58 |
3 | Seattle SeahawksN | 1 | 2 | .333 | 2005,N 2013,N 2014N | 9 | 10 |
3 | Philadelphia EaglesN | 1 | 2 | .333 | 1980,N 2004,N 2017N | 6 | 6 |
2 | Baltimore RavensA[n 29][n 28] | 2 | 0 | 1.000 | 2000,A 2012A | 11 | 11 |
2 | Kansas City ChiefsaA | 1 | 1 | .500 | 1966,a 1969a | 54 | 54 |
2 | Chicago BearsN | 1 | 1 | .500 | 1985,N 2006N | 17 | 38 |
2 | Cincinnati BengalsA | 0 | 2 | .000 | 1981,A 1988A | 35 | 58 |
2 | Carolina PanthersN | 0 | 2 | .000 | 2003,N 2015N | 8 | 29 [n 30] |
2 | Atlanta FalconsN | 0 | 2 | .000 | 1998,N 2016N | 7 | 58 |
1 | New York JetsaA | 1 | 0 | 1.000 | 1968a | 55 | 55 |
1 | Tampa Bay BuccaneersN | 1 | 0 | 1.000 | 2002N | 22 | 22 |
1 | New Orleans SaintsN | 1 | 0 | 1.000 | 2009N | 14 | 14 |
1 | San Diego/Los Angeles ChargersA | 0 | 1 | .000 | 1994A | 29 | 58 |
1 | Houston Oilers/Tennessee TitansA | 0 | 1 | .000 | 1999A | 24 | 58 |
1 | St. Louis/Arizona CardinalsN | 0 | 1 | .000 | 2008N | 15 | 58 |
0 | Cleveland BrownsA[n 25][n 29] | 0 | 0 | — | none | 58 | 58 |
0 | Detroit LionsN | 0 | 0 | — | none | 58 | 58 |
0 | Jacksonville JaguarsA | 0 | 0 | — | none | 29 [n 30] |
29 [n 30] |
0 | Houston TexansA | 0 | 0 | — | none | 22 [n 31] |
22 [n 31] |
Appearances | Team | Wins | Losses | Winning percentage |
Seasons | Years since last app. |
Years since last win |
Teams with no Super Bowl appearances[]
Four current teams have never reached the Super Bowl. Two of them held NFL league championships prior to Super Bowl I in the 1966 NFL season:[n 32]
- Cleveland Browns – NFL champions four times in 1950, 1954, 1955, and 1964; appeared in seven other NFL Championship Games in 1951, 1952, 1953, 1957, 1965, 1968, and 1969; and appeared in three AFC Championship Games in the 1986, 1987, and 1989 seasons.[99] The Browns are officially viewed as one continuous franchise that began in 1946 as a member of the All-America Football Conference, joined the NFL in 1950, suspended operations after 1995, and resumed play in 1999.[97][n 29] The Baltimore Ravens were created in 1996 as an expansion team with former Browns players, and have since won two Super Bowls (XXXV and XLVII).[98][n 29]
- Detroit Lions – NFL champions four times in 1935, 1952, 1953, and 1957; appeared in one other NFL Championship Game in 1954; and appeared in one NFC Championship Game in the 1991 season.[100]
- Jacksonville Jaguars – 1995 expansion team; appeared in three AFC Championship Games in the 1996, 1999, and 2017 seasons.[101]
- Houston Texans – 2002 expansion team; Divisional Round appearances in the 2011, 2012, and 2016 seasons.
Teams with long Super Bowl droughts[]
Although Jacksonville and Houston have never appeared in a Super Bowl, there are teams whose most recent Super Bowl appearance was before Jacksonville and Houston joined the NFL (1995 and 2002, respectively), resulting in similar or longer Super Bowl droughts for the following 12 teams.
Two of the 12 teams have not appeared in the Super Bowl since before the AFL–NFL merger in 1970:[102][n 33]
- New York Jets (most recently appeared in Super Bowl III, 1968 season)
- Kansas City Chiefs (IV in 1969 season)
The most recent Super Bowl appearance for the remaining 10 teams was after the AFL–NFL merger, but prior to the 2003 regular season:
- Minnesota Vikings (XI, 1976 season)
- Miami Dolphins (XIX, 1984 season)
- Cincinnati Bengals (XXIII, 1988 season)
- Washington Redskins (XXVI, 1991 season)
- Buffalo Bills (XXVIII, 1993 season)
- Los Angeles Chargers (played as San Diego Chargers in XXIX, 1994 season)
- Dallas Cowboys (XXX, 1995 season)
- Tennessee Titans (XXXIV, 1999 season)
- Oakland Raiders (XXXVII, 2002 season)
- Tampa Bay Buccaneers (XXXVII, 2002 season)
Teams with Super Bowl appearances but no victories[]
Eight teams have appeared in the Super Bowl without ever winning. In descending order of number of appearances and then years since their last appearance, they are:
- Minnesota Vikings (4) – appeared in Super Bowls IV, VIII, IX, and XI; they won the NFL Championship in 1969, the last year before the AFL–NFL merger, but failed to win the subsequent Super Bowl. An NFL expansion team in 1961, they have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
- Buffalo Bills (4) – XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII; in 1964 and 1965, they won the last two AFL Championships before the first Super Bowl in 1966.
- Cincinnati Bengals (2) – XVI and XXIII; an AFL expansion team in 1968, they have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
- Carolina Panthers (2) – XXXVIII and 50; a post-merger expansion team, their first season was in 1995.
- Atlanta Falcons (2) – XXXIII and LI; an NFL expansion team in 1966, they have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
- Los Angeles Chargers (1) – XXIX as the San Diego Chargers; their only AFL Championship was in 1963.
- Tennessee Titans (1) – XXXIV; they won the first two AFL Championships in 1960 and 1961 as the Houston Oilers.
- Arizona Cardinals (1) – XLIII; their only uncontested NFL Championship was in 1947 as the Chicago Cardinals. They also claim the 1925 NFL Championship.
See also[]
- History of the National Football League championship
- List of AFC champions
- List of NFC champions
- List of NFL champions from 1920 to 1969
- List of AFL champions
- List of AAFC champions
- List of Super Bowl records
- Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award
- List of NFL franchise post-season droughts
- List of NFL franchise post-season streaks
Notes[]
- ↑ Forbes, Gordon (1990-11-08). "The process of choosing a host city". USA Today: p. 4C.
- ↑ "Super Bowl cities are far and few between". The Florida Times-Union. http://jacksonville.com/tu-online/stories/020407/jag_7751185.shtml. Retrieved 2015-02-02.
- ↑ Top Plays in Super Bowl History "and the old veteran scores the first touchdown of the Super Bowl game" YouTube, NFL Highlights.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Culture in NFL History". http://www.shmoop.com/nfl-history/culture.html. Retrieved 2018-01-17.
- ↑ "Super Bowl History". NFL.com. http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
- ↑ "Vince Lombardi Trophy: A Tiffany Piece Money Can't Buy". ABC News. February 3, 2016. http://abcnews.go.com/US/vince-lombardi-trophy-tiffany-piece-money-buy/story?id=36684162.
- ↑ Tanier, Mike (January 31, 2010). "Excess Reigns at Super Bowl and That's No Ballyhoo". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/31/sports/football/31hype.html?ref=sports&pagewanted=all.
- ↑ "Super Bowl Trophy". IX Games. http://www.ixgames.com/super_bowl_trophy/.
- ↑ Weiner, Evan (February 3, 2011). "Super Bowl XLV: Vince Lombardi wanted no part of the Super Bowl". The Sport Digest. United States Sports Academy. http://thesportdigest.com/2011/02/super-bowl-xlv-vince-lombardi-wanted-no-part-of-the-super-bowl/. Retrieved February 19, 2012. "The Jets apparently didn't think too highly of the Tiffany Trophy the organization received for winning [Super Bowl III]"
- ↑ Christl, Cliff (February 7, 2011). "Packers GM Thompson made all right moves". Rockford Register Star. http://www.rrstar.com/sports/bearspackers/x687477110/Packers-GM-Thompson-made-all-right-moves. Retrieved February 19, 2012. "[Packers General Manager Ted] Thompson actually clapped his hands in celebration a few times, spoke a few words and helped hoist the Tiffany trophy with [President Mark] Murphy and coach Mike McCarthy"
- ↑ "Pasadena, California". U.S. Census. Federal government of the United States. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=Pasadena&_cityTown=Pasadena&_state=04000US06&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
- ↑ Maule, Tex (1967-01-23). "Bread-and-butter Packers". Sports Illustrated. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1079480/index.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
- ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 13.15 13.16 13.17 13.18 13.19 13.20 13.21 13.22 13.23 13.24 13.25 13.26 13.27 13.28 13.29 13.30 13.31 13.32 13.33 13.34 13.35 13.36 13.37 13.38 13.39 13.40 13.41 13.42 13.43 13.44 13.45 13.46 13.47 13.48 "Super Bowl Winners". http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/results/superbowl. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
- ↑ "Super Bowl 2: Lombardi's Starr Rises". Sporting News. 1968-01-14. http://aol.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2008-01-15/super-bowl-2-lombardis-starr-rises. Retrieved 2011-12-24.
- ↑ "Super Bowl 3: The Broadway Joe Show". Sporting News. 1969-01-12. Archived from the original on February 8, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060208025113/http://www.sportingnews.com/archives/superbowl/3.html. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
- ↑ "Super Bowl History: Super Bowl IV". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/sports/football/history/superbowl_04.html. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
- ↑ "Super Bowl History: Super Bowl V". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/sports/football/history/superbowl_05.html. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
- ↑ Maule, Tex (1972-01-24). "A Cowboy Stampede". Sports Illustrated (CNN). http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1085727/index.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
- ↑ Maule, Tex (1973-01-22). "17–0–0". Sports Illustrated (CNN). http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1086962/index.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
- ↑ Maule, Tex (1974-01-21). "It Was The Day Of The Dolphins". Sports Illustrated (CNN). http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1142520/index.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
- ↑ Jenkins, Dan (1975-01-20). "Pittsburgh Punches It Out". Sports Illustrated (CNN). http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1089436/index.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
- ↑ Jenkins, Dan (1976-01-26). "Dallas Feels The Steeler Crunch". Sports Illustrated (CNN). http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1090680/index.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ↑ Jenkins, Dan (1977-01-17). "The Raiders Were All Suped Up". Sports Illustrated (CNN). http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1091964/index.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ↑ Woodyard, Chris (October 4, 2011). "Mercedes-Benz buys naming rights to New Orleans' Superdome". USA Today. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/driveon/post/2011/10/mercedes-benz-new-orleans-superdome-naming-rights-saints-bcs-super-bowl-2013/1. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
- ↑ "Super Bowl 12: Orange Crushed". Sporting News. 1978-01-15. Archived from the original on September 28, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20050928213115/http://www.sportingnews.com/archives/superbowl/12.html. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ↑ "Super Bowl 13: Dumb Like a F–O–X". Sporting News. 1979-01-21. Archived from the original on December 26, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20051226074105/http://www.sportingnews.com/archives/superbowl/13.html. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XIV: Pittsburgh Steelers 31, Los Angeles Rams 19". Pro Football Reference. Sports Reference LLC. https://www.pro-football-reference.com/super-bowl/xiv.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ↑ "Super Bowl Summaries: Super Bowl XV". Sports Illustrated. CNN. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/football/nfl/superbowl/summaries/sb15.html. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ↑ "Pontiac, Michigan". U.S. Census. Federal government of the United States. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=Pontiac&_cityTown=Pontiac&_state=04000US26&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
- ↑ "Super Bowl 16: 49ers Strike It Rich". Sporting News. 1982-01-24. Archived from the original on April 17, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090417164820/http://www.sportingnews.com/archives/superbowl/16.html. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ↑ Zimmerman, Paul (1983-02-07). "Hail To The Redskins!". Sports Illustrated (CNN). http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1120483/index.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ↑ Zimmerman, Paul (1984-01-30). "A Runaway For The Raiders". Sports Illustrated (CNN). http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1121674/index.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ↑ "OMB Bulletin No. 13-01 – The White House" (PDF). Federal government of the United States. Archived from the original on March 19, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130319014514/http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/bulletins/2013/b13-01.pdf. Retrieved 2013-05-24.
- ↑ Zimmerman, Paul (1985-01-28). "The Niners Were Never Finer". Sports Illustrated (CNN). http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1119083/index.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ↑ Magee, Jerry (2007-01-28). "'85 Bears never lost in shuffle". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on July 6, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080706024845/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20070128/news_1s28bears.html. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XXI: New York Giants 39, Denver Broncos 20". Pro Football Reference. Sports Reference LLC. https://www.pro-football-reference.com/super-bowl/xxi.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ↑ "Super Bowl Summaries: Super Bowl XXII". Sports Illustrated. CNN. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/football/nfl/superbowl/summaries/sb22.html. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ↑ Almond, Elliott (1989-01-23). "49ers Defeat Bengals, 20–16, in Super Bowl". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1989-01-23/news/mn-671_1_super-bowl-record. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ↑ "Super Bowl 24: 49ers Pound Outmanned Broncos". Sporting News. 1990-01-28. Archived from the original on April 17, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090417164539/http://www.sportingnews.com/archives/superbowl/24.html. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 Karl Taro Greenfeld (July 12, 2004). "A Life After Wide Right Thirteen years after missing a Super Bowl-winning field goal, the ex-Bill views his worst moment as a step in the right direction". Sports Illustrated. https://www.si.com/vault/2004/07/12/376466/a-life-after-wide-right-thirteen-years-after-missing-a-super-bowl-winning-field-goal-the-ex-bill-views-his-worst-moment-as-a-step-in-the-right-direction. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 Mosse, David (February 28, 2007). "What if Scott Norwood's kick had split the uprights?". ESPN. http://espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=2744054. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XXV". http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxxv. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XXVI". http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxxvi. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XXVII". http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxxvii. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XXVIII". http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxxviii. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XXIX". http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxxix. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
- ↑ "Glendale, Arizona". U.S. Census. Federal government of the United States. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=Glendale&_cityTown=Glendale&_state=04000US04&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
- ↑ "Tempe, Arizona". U.S. Census. Federal government of the United States. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=Tempe&_cityTown=Tempe&_state=04000US04&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XXX". http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxxx. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XXXI". http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxxxi. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XXXII". http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxxxii. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XXXIII". http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxxxiii. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
- ↑ Ratto, Ray (January 31, 2000). "The most Super of stops". ESPN. http://static.espn.go.com/nfl/playoffs99/sb/s/frozen/0130ratto.html. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
- ↑ Maske, Mark (January 31, 2000). "Rams Get Late Score, Final Tackle to Win, 23-16". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/sports/nfl/longterm/1999/superbowl/stories/super31.htm. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
- ↑ Weinberg, Rick (August 4, 2004). "35: Rams win Super Bowl with game-ending tackle". ESPN. http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/espn25/story?page=moments/35. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
- ↑ 56.0 56.1 "Falcons-Patriots first teams to play in SB overtime". NFL.com. February 5, 2017. http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000783676/article/falconspatriots-first-teams-to-play-in-sb-overtime. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
- ↑ 57.0 57.1 Boren, Cindy (February 5, 2017). "What happens in overtime in the Super Bowl?". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2017/02/05/what-happens-in-overtime-in-the-super-bowl-we-may-be-about-to-find-out/. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
- ↑ 58.0 58.1 Silver, Michael (February 11, 2002). "Pat Answer". Sports Illustrated. https://www.si.com/vault/2002/02/11/318416/pat-answer-following-the-lead-of-their-transformed-coach-and-oh-so-cool-quarterback-the-no-name-patriots-stunned-the-rams-in-super-bowl-xxxvi.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XXXIV". http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxxxiv. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XXXV". http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxxxv. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XXXVI". http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxxxvi. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XXXVII". http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxxxvii. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XXXVIII". http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxxxviii. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XXXIX". http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxxxix. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XL". http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxl. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XLI". http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxli. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XLII". http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/recap?game_id=29526&displayPage=tab_recap&season=2007&week=POST21. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XLIII". http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/recap?game_id=54465&displayPage=tab_recap&season=2008&week=POST21. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XLIV post game QT". http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2010020700/2009/POST22/saints@colts/recap. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XLV–National Football League Game Summary" (PDF). NFL.com. February 10, 2011. http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/55162/GB_Gamebook.pdf. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
- ↑ "Packers down Steelers for fourth Super Bowl title". February 6, 2011. http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2011020600/2010/POST22/steelers@packers/recap. Retrieved February 6, 2011.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XLVI–National Football League Game Summary" (PDF). NFL.com. February 8, 2012. http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/55502/NE_Gamebook.pdf. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
- ↑ 73.0 73.1 "Indianapolis ahead of curve in preparations for Super Bowl XLVI in 2012". Associated Press. 2009-06-09. http://www.nfl.com/news/story?id=09000d5d810bdf46&template=without-video-with-comments&confirm=true. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
- ↑ Garrison, Jason (2012-02-06). "Super Bowl 2012: Official Super Bowl Attendance Is 68,658". SB Nation Boston. http://boston.sbnation.com/new-england-patriots/2012/2/5/2774071/super-bowl-2012-official-super-bowl-attendance-is-68658. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XLVII–National Football League Game Summary" (PDF). NFL.com. February 3, 2013. http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/55835/SF_Gamebook.pdf. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
- ↑ "Super Bowl will return to New Orleans in 2013". http://www.nfl.com/news/story?id=09000d5d810681fc&template=without-video-with-comments&confirm=true. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XLVIII–National Football League Game Summary" (PDF). NFL.com. February 2, 2014. http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56169/DEN_Gamebook.pdf. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
- ↑ "Owners warm up to New York/New Jersey as Super Bowl XLVIII host". http://www.nfl.com/news/story?id=09000d5d8184fc83&template=with-video-with-comments&confirm=true. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
- ↑ "Super Bowl XLIX–National Football League Game Summary" (PDF). NFL.com. November 9, 2015. http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56502/SEA_Gamebook.pdf. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
- ↑ "Owners vote Arizona as Super Bowl host for third time". Associated Press. October 11, 2011. http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d82309487/article/owners-vote-arizona-as-super-bowl-host-for-third-time. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
- ↑ 81.0 81.1 81.2 Klemko, Robert (October 11, 2011). "Arizona, not Tampa, will host Super Bowl XLIX in 2015". USA Today. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/thehuddle/post/2011/10/tampa-bay-arizona-super-bowl-xlix-2015/1. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
- ↑ "Super Bowl 50–National Football League Game Summary" (PDF). NFL.com. March 21, 2016. http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56834/DEN_Gamebook.pdf. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
- ↑ 83.0 83.1 Rosenthal, Gregg (December 23, 2013). "San Francisco awarded Super Bowl". http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap1000000205086/article/san-francisco-awarded-super-bowl-l-houston-lands-li. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- ↑ 84.0 84.1 "Bay Area, Houston get Super Bowls". The Walt Disney Company. May 23, 2013. http://espn.go.com/nfl/story/_/id/9298434/san-francisco-houston-win-super-bowl-bids. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
- ↑ Bergman, Jeremy (February 6, 2017). "At least 30 records set or tied in Super Bowl LI" (in en). NFL.com. http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000783986/article/at-least-30-records-set-or-tied-in-super-bowl-li. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
- ↑ "Dozens of records were set or tied in Super Bowl LI. The list …". http://www.denverpost.com/2017/02/06/records-were-set-tied-super-bowl-li-patriots/. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
- ↑ "Super Bowl LI Game Summary" (PDF). NFL.com. February 5, 2017. http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/57167/ATL_Gamebook.pdf. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
- ↑ "Super Bowl LII–National Football League Game Summary" (PDF). NFL.com. February 4, 2018. Archived from the original on February 11, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180211212514/http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/57500/NE_Gamebook.pdf. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
- ↑ Patra, Kevin (May 20, 2014). "Super Bowl LII headed to Minnesota". http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap2000000352335/article/super-bowl-lii-headed-to-minnesota. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
- ↑ Wells, Mike (May 21, 2014). "Minneapolis to host 2018 Super Bowl". The Walt Disney Company. http://espn.go.com/nfl/story/_/id/10960506/minneapolis-awarded-2018-super-bowl-nfl-owners. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
- ↑ "By The Numbers: Attendance at Super Bowl events". KMSP-TV. http://www.fox9.com/news/by-the-numbers-attendance-at-super-bowl-events. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
- ↑ "Philadelphia Eagles beat New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLII". The Cincinnati Enquirer. February 4, 2018. Archived from the original on February 5, 2018. https://www.cincinnati.com/story/sports/nfl/2018/02/04/philadelphia-eagles-beat-new-england-patriots-super-bowl-xlii/305953002/. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
- ↑ "Super Bowl LIII–National Football League Game Summary" (PDF). NFL.com. February 7, 2019. https://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/57833/LA_Gamebook.pdf. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
- ↑ 94.0 94.1 94.2 94.3 Rosenthal, Gregg (May 24, 2016). "Atlanta, South Florida, L.A. chosen to host Super Bowls". http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000664704/article/atlanta-south-florida-la-chosen-to-host-super-bowls. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
- ↑ 95.0 95.1 95.2 95.3 McClure, Vaughn (May 24, 2016). "Owners award 2019 Super Bowl to Atlanta, 2020 to South Florida, 2021 to Los Angeles". The Walt Disney Company. http://espn.go.com/nfl/story/_/id/15704381/nfl-owners-award-super-bowls-atlanta-south-florida-los-angeles. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
- ↑ 96.0 96.1 Teope, Herbie. "Arizona, New Orleans chosen as Super Bowl hosts". http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000933935/article/arizona-new-orleans-chosen-as-super-bowl-hosts. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
- ↑ 97.0 97.1 "Year By Year Season results". Cleveland Browns. http://www.clevelandbrowns.com/team/history/year-by-year-results.html. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ↑ 98.0 98.1 Romano, John (1996-08-04). "Rams fear Phillips is a perpetual faux pas Series: NFL". St. Petersburg Times: p. 9C.
- ↑ "Cleveland Browns Franchise Encyclopedia". Pro Football Reference. Sports Reference LLC. https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/cle/. Retrieved 2009-08-27.
- ↑ "Detroit Lions Franchise Encyclopedia". Pro Football Reference. Sports Reference LLC. https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/det/. Retrieved 2009-08-27.
- ↑ "Jacksonville Jaguars Franchise Encyclopedia". Pro Football Reference. Sports Reference LLC. https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/jax/. Retrieved 2009-08-27.
- ↑ Neumann, Thomas (2008-09-17). "Page 2's ultimate NFL power rankings, Nos. 21–32". ESPN. The Walt Disney Company. http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=nflrankings/21-32/080917. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
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