The New York Giants are an American football team based in East Rutherford, New Jersey. They are a member of the National Football League (NFL) and play in the NFL's National Football Conference (NFC) East Division. In 87 completed seasons, the franchise has won eight NFL championships, including four Super Bowl victories. The Giants have won more than 600 games and appeared in the NFL playoffs 31 times.[1] Though the Giants play home games in East Rutherford, they draw fans from throughout the New York metropolitan area.[2] In 2010, the team began playing in MetLife Stadium, formerly New Meadowlands Stadium.[3][4]
After Tim Mara paid $500 for the franchise,[5] the Giants joined the NFL in the 1925 season and won their first championship two years later. In 1934, the team won its second title, defeating the Chicago Bears in the NFL Championship Game. The Giants won another championship four years later, and made four appearances in the NFL Championship Game from 1939 to 1946, losing each time. New York won its fourth NFL title in 1956, with a 47–7 win over the Bears in the championship game. From 1958 to 1963, the Giants reached the NFL Championship Game five times, but were defeated on each occasion. Following the 1963 season, the franchise did not return to the playoffs until 1981, and finished with more losses than wins 12 times in 17 years.
Thirty years after the team's previous NFL title, the Giants were victorious in Super Bowl XXI, winning against the Denver Broncos 39–20 to end the 1986 season. The Giants won their second Super Bowl four years later, defeating the Buffalo Bills 20–19 in Super Bowl XXV. In the 2000 season, New York returned to the Super Bowl, but lost to the Baltimore Ravens 34–7. The 2007 season saw the Giants win their seventh NFL championship at Super Bowl XLII, where they defeated the previously unbeaten New England Patriots 17–14 in a game that is widely considered to be one of the biggest upsets in Super Bowl history.[6][7] The Giants made four consecutive appearances in the playoffs from 2005 to 2008, before an 8–8 record in 2009 caused them to miss the postseason. After missing the playoffs in 2010, they defeated the Atlanta Falcons, Green Bay Packers, and San Francisco 49ers in the 2011 playoffs to reach Super Bowl XLVI, where they defeated the Patriots 21–17.
Table key[]
BBA | Bert Bell Award |
Finish | Final position in league, division, or conference |
Italics | Indicates NFL championship-winning season |
Losses | Number of regular season losses |
NFC POY | United Press International NFC Player of the Year |
NFL COY | National Football League Coach of the Year Award |
NFL CPOY | National Football League Comeback Player of the Year Award |
NFL DPOY | National Football League Defensive Player of the Year Award |
NFL DROY | National Football League Defensive Rookie of the Year Award |
NFL MVP | National Football League Most Valuable Player Award |
OT | Game was decided in overtime |
Pro Bowl MVP | Pro Bowl Most Valuable Player Award |
Season | Each year is linked to an article about that particular NFL season |
Super Bowl MVP | Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award |
Team | Each year is linked to an article about that particular Giants season |
Ties | Number of regular season ties |
UPI NFC ROY | UPI NFL-NFC Rookie of the Year |
Wins | Number of regular season wins |
Seasons[]
NFL champions (1920–1969) | Super Bowl champions (1966–present) | Conference champions * | Division champions + | Wild Card berth # | One-game playoff berth ^ |
Season | Team | League | Conference | Division | Finish | Wins | Losses | Ties | Postseason results | Awards |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1925 | 1925 | NFL | — | — | 4th | 8 | 4 | 0 | — | — |
1926 | 1926 | NFL | — | — | 7th | 8 | 4 | 1 | — | — |
1927 | 1927 | NFL | — | — | 1st | 11 | 1 | 1 | Named NFL Champions[A] | — |
1928 | 1928 | NFL | — | — | 6th | 4 | 7 | 2 | — | — |
1929 | 1929 | NFL | — | — | 2nd | 13 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
1930 | 1930 | NFL | — | — | 2nd | 13 | 4 | 0 | — | — |
1931 | 1931 | NFL | — | — | 5th | 7 | 6 | 1 | — | — |
1932 | 1932 | NFL | — | — | 5th | 4 | 6 | 2 | — | — |
1933 | 1933 | NFL | — | East[B] + | 1st | 11 | 3 | 0 | Lost NFL Championship (Chicago Bears) 23–21 | — |
1934 | 1934 | NFL | — | East + | 1st | 8 | 5 | 0 | Won NFL Championship (Chicago Bears) 30–13 | — |
1935 | 1935 | NFL | — | East + | 1st | 9 | 3 | 0 | Lost NFL Championship (Detroit Lions) 26–7 | — |
1936 | 1936 | NFL | — | East | 3rd | 5 | 6 | 1 | — | — |
1937 | 1937 | NFL | — | East | 2nd | 6 | 3 | 2 | — | — |
1938 | 1938 | NFL | — | East + | 1st | 8 | 2 | 1 | Won NFL Championship (Green Bay Packers) 23–17 | Mel Hein (NFL MVP)[8] |
1939 | 1939 | NFL | — | East + | 1st | 9 | 1 | 1 | Lost NFL Championship (Green Bay Packers) 27–0 | — |
1940 | 1940 | NFL | — | East | 3rd | 6 | 4 | 1 | — | — |
1941 | 1941 | NFL | — | East + | 1st | 8 | 3 | 0 | Lost NFL Championship (Chicago Bears) 37–9 | — |
1942 | 1942 | NFL | — | East | 3rd | 5 | 5 | 1 | — | — |
1943 | 1943 | NFL | — | East | 2nd ^ | 6 | 3 | 1 | Lost Divisional Playoff (Washington Redskins) 28–0 | — |
1944 | 1944 | NFL | — | East + | 1st | 8 | 1 | 1 | Lost NFL Championship (Green Bay Packers) 14–7 | — |
1945 | 1945 | NFL | — | East | T-3rd | 3 | 6 | 1 | — | — |
1946 | 1946 | NFL | — | East + | 1st | 7 | 3 | 1 | Lost NFL Championship (Chicago Bears) 24–14 | — |
1947 | 1947 | NFL | — | East | 5th | 2 | 8 | 2 | — | — |
1948 | 1948 | NFL | — | East | T-3rd | 4 | 8 | 0 | — | — |
1949 | 1949 | NFL | — | East | 3rd | 6 | 6 | 0 | — | — |
1950 | 1950 | NFL | American[C] | — | 2nd ^ | 10 | 2 | 0 | Lost Conference Playoff (Cleveland Browns) 8–3 | — |
1951 | 1951 | NFL | American | — | 2nd | 9 | 2 | 1 | — | — |
1952 | 1952 | NFL | American | — | T-2nd | 7 | 5 | 0 | — | — |
1953 | 1953 | NFL | Eastern | — | 5th | 3 | 9 | 0 | — | — |
1954 | 1954 | NFL | Eastern | — | 3rd | 7 | 5 | 0 | — | — |
1955 | 1955 | NFL | Eastern | — | 3rd | 6 | 5 | 1 | — | — |
1956 | 1956 | NFL | Eastern * | — | 1st | 8 | 3 | 1 | Won NFL Championship (Chicago Bears) 47–7 | Frank Gifford (NFL MVP)[9] |
1957 | 1957 | NFL | Eastern | — | 2nd | 7 | 5 | 0 | — | — |
1958 | 1958 | NFL | Eastern * | — | 1st ^ | 9 | 3 | 0 | Won Divisional Playoff (Cleveland Browns) 10–0 Lost NFL Championship (Baltimore Colts) 23–17 OT[10][D] |
Frank Gifford (Pro Bowl MVP)[11] |
1959 | 1959 | NFL | Eastern * | — | 1st | 10 | 2 | 0 | Lost NFL Championship (Baltimore Colts) 31–16 | — |
1960 | 1960 | NFL | Eastern | — | 3rd | 6 | 4 | 2 | — | Sam Huff (Pro Bowl MVP)[11] |
1961 | 1961 | NFL | Eastern * | — | 1st | 10 | 3 | 1 | Lost NFL Championship (Green Bay Packers) 37–0 | Allie Sherman (NFL COY)[12] |
1962 | 1962 | NFL | Eastern * | — | 1st | 12 | 2 | 0 | Lost NFL Championship (Green Bay Packers) 16–7 | Y. A. Tittle (NFL MVP)[13] Allie Sherman (NFL COY)[12] Andy Robustelli (BBA)[14] |
1963 | 1963 | NFL | Eastern * | — | 1st | 11 | 3 | 0 | Lost NFL Championship (Chicago Bears) 14–10 | Y. A. Tittle (NFL MVP)[13] |
1964 | 1964 | NFL | Eastern | — | 7th | 2 | 10 | 2 | — | — |
1965 | 1965 | NFL | Eastern | — | T-2nd | 7 | 7 | 0 | — | — |
1966 | 1966 | NFL | Eastern | — | 8th | 1 | 12 | 1 | — | — |
1967 | 1967 | NFL | Eastern | Century | 2nd | 7 | 7 | 0 | — | — |
1968 | 1968 | NFL | Eastern | Capitol | 2nd | 7 | 7 | 0 | — | — |
1969 | 1969 | NFL | Eastern | Century | 2nd | 6 | 8 | 0 | — | — |
1970 | 1970 | NFL | NFC | East | 2nd | 9 | 5 | 0 | — | Alex Webster (NFL COY)[15] |
1971 | 1971 | NFL | NFC | East | 5th | 4 | 10 | 0 | — | — |
1972 | 1972 | NFL | NFC | East | 3rd | 8 | 6 | 0 | — | — |
1973 | 1973 | NFL | NFC | East | 5th | 2 | 11 | 1 | — | — |
1974 | 1974 | NFL | NFC | East | 5th | 2 | 12 | 0 | — | John Hicks (UPI NFC ROY)[16] |
1975 | 1975 | NFL | NFC | East | 4th | 5 | 9 | 0 | — | — |
1976 | 1976 | NFL | NFC | East | 5th | 3 | 11 | 0 | — | — |
1977 | 1977 | NFL | NFC | East | 5th | 5 | 9 | 0 | — | — |
1978[E] | 1978 | NFL | NFC | East | 5th | 6 | 10 | 0 | — | — |
1979 | 1979 | NFL | NFC | East | 4th | 6 | 10 | 0 | — | — |
1980 | 1980 | NFL | NFC | East | 5th | 4 | 12 | 0 | — | — |
1981 | 1981 | NFL | NFC | East | 3rd # | 9 | 7 | 0 | Won Wild Card Playoffs (Philadelphia Eagles) 27–21 Lost Divisional Playoffs (San Francisco 49ers) 38–24 |
Lawrence Taylor (NFL DPOY/NFL DROY)[17] |
1982[F] | 1982 | NFL | NFC | — | 10th | 4 | 5 | 0 | — | Lawrence Taylor (NFL DPOY)[17] |
1983 | 1983 | NFL | NFC | East | 5th | 3 | 12 | 1 | — | Lawrence Taylor (NFC POY)[18] |
1984 | 1984 | NFL | NFC | East | 2nd # | 9 | 7 | 0 | Won Wild Card Playoffs ( Los Angeles Rams) 16–13 Lost Divisional Playoffs (San Francisco 49ers) 21–10 |
— |
1985 | 1985 | NFL | NFC | East | 2nd[G] # | 10 | 6 | 0 | Won Wild Card Playoffs (San Francisco 49ers) 17–3 Lost Divisional Playoffs (Chicago Bears) 21–0 |
Phil Simms (Pro Bowl MVP)[11] |
1986 | 1986 | NFL | NFC * | East + | 1st | 14 | 2 | 0 | Won Divisional Playoffs (San Francisco 49ers) 49–3 Won Conference Championship (Washington Redskins) 17–0 Won Super Bowl XXI (Denver Broncos) 39–20 |
Lawrence Taylor (NFL MVP/NFC POY/NFL DPOY/BBA)[17][18] Bill Parcells (NFL COY)[12] Phil Simms (Super Bowl XXI MVP)[19] |
1987[H] | 1987 | NFL | NFC | East | 5th | 6 | 9 | 0 | — | — |
1988 | 1988 | NFL | NFC | East | 2nd | 10 | 6 | 0 | — | — |
1989 | 1989 | NFL | NFC | East + | 1st | 12 | 4 | 0 | Lost Divisional Playoffs (Los Angeles Rams) 19–13 OT[20] | Ottis Anderson (NFL CPOY)[21] |
1990 | 1990 | NFL | NFC * | East + | 1st | 13 | 3 | 0 | Won Divisional Playoffs (Chicago Bears) 31–3 Won Conference Championship (San Francisco 49ers) 15–13 Won Super Bowl XXV (Buffalo Bills) 20–19 |
Ottis Anderson (Super Bowl XXV MVP)[22] |
1991 | 1991 | NFL | NFC | East | 4th | 8 | 8 | 0 | — | — |
1992 | 1992 | NFL | NFC | East | 4th | 6 | 10 | 0 | — | — |
1993 | 1993 | NFL | NFC | East | 2nd # | 11 | 5 | 0 | Won Wild Card Playoffs (Minnesota Vikings) 17–10 Lost Divisional Playoffs (San Francisco 49ers) 44–3 |
Dan Reeves (NFL COY)[12] |
1994 | 1994 | NFL | NFC | East | 2nd | 9 | 7 | 0 | — | — |
1995 | 1995 | NFL | NFC | East | 4th | 5 | 11 | 0 | — | — |
1996 | 1996 | NFL | NFC | East | 5th | 6 | 10 | 0 | — | — |
1997 | 1997 | NFL | NFC | East + | 1st | 10 | 5 | 1 | Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Minnesota Vikings) 23–22 | Jim Fassel (NFL COY)[12] |
1998 | 1998 | NFL | NFC | East | 3rd | 8 | 8 | 0 | — | — |
1999 | 1999 | NFL | NFC | East | 3rd | 7 | 9 | 0 | — | — |
2000 | 2000 | NFL | NFC * | East + | 1st | 12 | 4 | 0 | Won Divisional Playoffs (Philadelphia Eagles) 20–10 Won Conference Championship (Minnesota Vikings) 41–0 Lost Super Bowl XXXV (Baltimore Ravens) 34–7 |
— |
2001 | 2001 | NFL | NFC | East | 3rd | 7 | 9 | 0 | — | Michael Strahan (NFL DPOY)[23] |
2002 | 2002 | NFL | NFC | East | 2nd # | 10 | 6 | 0 | Lost Wild Card Playoffs (San Francisco 49ers) 39–38 | — |
2003 | 2003 | NFL | NFC | East | 4th | 4 | 12 | 0 | — | — |
2004 | 2004 | NFL | NFC | East | 2nd | 6 | 10 | 0 | — | — |
2005 | 2005 | NFL | NFC | East + | 1st | 11 | 5 | 0 | Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Carolina Panthers) 23–0 | — |
2006 | 2006 | NFL | NFC | East | 3rd # | 8 | 8 | 0 | Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Philadelphia Eagles) 23–20 | — |
2007 | 2007 | NFL | NFC * | East | 2nd # | 10 | 6 | 0 | Won Wild Card Playoffs (Tampa Bay Buccaneers) 24–14 Won Divisional Playoffs (Dallas Cowboys) 21–17 Won Conference Championship (Green Bay Packers) 23–20 OT[24] Won Super Bowl XLII (New England Patriots) 17–14 |
Eli Manning (Super Bowl XLII MVP)[7] |
2008 | 2008 | NFL | NFC | East + | 1st | 12 | 4 | 0 | Lost Divisional Playoffs (Philadelphia Eagles) 23–11 | — |
2009 | 2009 | NFL | NFC | East | 3rd | 8 | 8 | 0 | — | — |
2010 | 2010 | NFL | NFC | East | 2nd | 10 | 6 | 0 | — | — |
2011 | 2011 | NFL | NFC * | East + | 1st | 9 | 7 | 0 | Won Wild Card Playoffs (Atlanta Falcons) 24–2 Won Divisional Playoffs (Green Bay Packers) 37–20 Won Conference Championship (San Francisco 49ers) 20–17 OT Won Super Bowl XLVI (New England Patriots) 21–17 |
Eli Manning (Super Bowl XLVI MVP)[25] |
2012 | 2012 | NFL | NFC | East |
Statistics above are current as of February 5, 2012. An em dash (—) indicates that the category is not applicable.
All-time records[]
Statistic | Wins | Losses | Ties |
---|---|---|---|
New York Giants regular season record | 645 | 531 | 33 |
New York Giants postseason record | 24 | 24 | —[I] |
All-time regular and postseason record | 669 | 555 | 33 |
Notes[]
- A The NFL did not hold playoff games until 1932. The team that finished with the best regular season record was awarded the league championship.[26]
- B In 1933, the league split into East and West divisions.[26]
- C In 1950, the league switched to American and National conferences.[27]
- D This was the first championship game in NFL history where an overtime period was played, and has been nicknamed "The Greatest Game Ever Played".[10][28]
- E In 1978, the NFL expanded its regular season schedule, which had been 14 games since 1961, to 16 games.[29]
- F Due to the 1982 NFL strike, the league was split into two conferences, instead of its usual divisional alignment. The season was shortened to nine games, and the top eight teams in each conference earned berths in an expanded 16-team playoff tournament.[30]
- G The Giants, Dallas Cowboys, and Washington Redskins finished the 1985 season with identical 10–6 records. Dallas was awarded the NFC East title because they had the best head-to-head record among the three teams. The Giants were awarded a wild card berth because of their record in NFC play, while Washington did not qualify for the playoffs due to a head-to-head loss against the San Francisco 49ers, who also finished 10–6.[31]
- H The 1987 NFL strike caused the schedule to be reduced to 15 games.[32]
- I Ties cannot occur in playoff games.[33]
References[]
- General
- "New York Giants: History". CBS Sports. http://www.sportsline.com/nfl/teams/history/NYG. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- "New York Giants Franchise Encyclopedia". Pro Football Reference. http://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/nyg/. Retrieved November 2, 2008.
- "New York Giants Playoff History". Pro Football Reference. http://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/nyg/playoffs.htm. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
- Specific
- ↑ "New York Giants Franchise Encyclopedia". Pro Football Reference. http://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/nyg/. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- ↑ "Identity crisis: Two states claim NFC champion Giants as their own". Associated Press. CNN Sports Illustrated. January 19, 2001. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/football/nfl/2001/playoffs/news/2001/01/19/giants_newyorknewjersey_ap/. Retrieved September 11, 2008.
- ↑ Lapointe, Joe (October 30, 2008). "At Meadowlands Stadium, Lots of Bells and Whistles". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/31/sports/football/31stadium.html. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
- ↑ Ehalt, Matthew (August 23, 2011). "MetLife name unveiled at stadium". ESPN. http://espn.go.com/new-york/nfl/story/_/id/6888145/new-york-giants-new-york-jets-announce-naming-deal-metlife. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
- ↑ Anderson, Dave (November 26, 2000). "Sports of the Times; When Grange Put the Pros in New York". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9807E0DC1E3AF935A15752C1A9669C8B63. Retrieved September 11, 2008.
- ↑ Wilner, Barry (February 3, 2008). "Super Bowl XLII: Giants win an instant classic, beating the 18-0 Pats". Associated Press (Seattle Post-Intelligencer). http://www.seattlepi.com/football/349918_super04.html. Retrieved September 24, 2008.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Layden, Tim (February 11, 2008). "They're History". Sports Illustrated. http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1109397/index.htm. Retrieved September 24, 2008.
- ↑ Miller, Ted. "Mel Hein". ESPN. http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/face/team?teamId=265. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- ↑ McEntegart, Pete (February 13, 2008). "New York's Finest". Sports Illustrated. http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1115380/index.htm. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Pro Football History: Greatest game ever played". Pro Football Hall of Fame. http://www.profootballhof.com/history/release.jsp?release_id=1805. Retrieved September 12, 2008.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 2009 ESPN Sports Almanac. New York City: Ballantine Books. 2008. p. 261. ISBN 978-0-345-51172-0.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 "Vermeil voted Coach of the Year". CNN Sports Illustrated. February 3, 2000. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/football/nfl/2000/playoffs/div_nfc_gm2/news/2000/01/15/vermeil_coachofyear_ap. Retrieved September 10, 2008.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Y.A. Tittle". Pro Football Reference. http://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/T/TittY.00.htm. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- ↑ "Bert Bell Award (Player of the Year) winners". Pro Football Reference. http://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/award_bba.htm. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
- ↑ "Webster Named Top Coach" (fee required). The New York Times. January 12, 1971. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0D17F7345C107B93C0A8178AD85F458785F9. Retrieved September 8, 2008.
- ↑ "Giants' Hicks Is Rookie of Year; People in Sports" (fee required). The New York Times. December 27, 1974. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20713FD355F107A93C5AB1789D95F408785F9. Retrieved September 8, 2008.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 "Lawrence Taylor". Pro Football Reference. http://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/T/TaylLa00.htm. Retrieved September 9, 2008.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 2008 ESPN Sports Almanac. New York City: ESPN Books. 2007. p. 280. ISBN 1-933060-38-7.
- ↑ Zimmerman, Paul (February 2, 1987). "Killer Giants: Behind pinpoint passing by Phil Simms, the Giants routed Denver in Super Bowl XXI". Sports Illustrated. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/football/features/superbowl/archives/21/. Retrieved September 8, 2008.
- ↑ Litsky, Frank (January 8, 1990). "Rams Win Toss and Game as Giants' Seaason Ends". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/08/sports/rams-win-toss-and-game-as-giants-season-ends.html. Retrieved November 13, 2009.
- ↑ Habib, Hal (January 30, 2009). "Ottis Anderson toiled for St. Louis Cardinals before becoming a Super Bowl MVP". The Palm Beach Post. http://www.palmbeachpost.com/sports/content/sports/epaper/2009/01/30/0130anderson.html. Retrieved July 31, 2009.
- ↑ Eisen, Michael (February 3, 2006). "Ottis Credits Pants for Super Performance". New York Giants. http://giants.com/news/headlines/story.asp?story_id=14018. Retrieved September 8, 2008.
- ↑ "Giants' Michael Strahan retiring". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. June 9, 2008. http://www.cbc.ca/sports/football/story/2008/06/09/strahan-retirement.html. Retrieved September 8, 2008.
- ↑ Vacchiano, Ralph (January 21, 2008). "Giants beat Packers in overtime, will battle Patriots in Super Bowl XLII". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/football/giants/2008/01/21/2008-01-21_giants_beat_packers_in_overtime_will_bat.html. Retrieved November 13, 2009.
- ↑ Banks, Don (February 6, 2012). "Giants' Manning takes leap toward Hall of Fame with XLVI win". CNN Sports Illustrated. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2012/writers/don_banks/02/06/super.bowl.xlvi.eli.manning/index.html. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Pro Football History: The First Playoff Game". Pro Football Hall of Fame. http://www.profootballhof.com/history/decades/1930s/first_playoff_game.jsp. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
- ↑ "History: 1941-1950". National Football League. http://www.nfl.com/history/chronology/1941-1950. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
- ↑ Mosse, David (February 1, 2007). "What if the Colts-Giants game had not been such a classic?". ESPN. http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=2794025. Retrieved September 12, 2008.
- ↑ Pasquarelli, Len (May 18, 2009). "Schedule expansion gaining momentum". ESPN. http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/columns/story?columnist=pasquarelli_len&id=4173119. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
- ↑ Zimmerman, Paul (November 29, 1982). "The Strike: The Winners. The Losers. And Who Did What To Whom". Sports Illustrated. http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1126143/4/index.htm. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
- ↑ NFL 2000 Record & Fact Book. New York City: Workman Publishing Company. 2000. p. 291. ISBN 0-7611-1982-5.
- ↑ Bouchette, Ed (May 21, 2008). "NFL opts out of labor accord". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/08142/883503-66.stm. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
- ↑ "Rule Book: Sudden Death". National Football League. http://www.nfl.com/rulebook/suddendeath. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
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