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American Arena League

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American Arena League
Current season or competition:
Sports current event.svg 2019 American Arena League season
File:American Arena League.png
SportIndoor football
Founded2017
CommissionerTony Zefiretto
Inaugural season2018
No. of teams9
Country(ies)United States
Most recent champion(s)West Virginia Roughriders (2019)
Official websiteaalfb.com
Related competitionsArena Football League
National Arena League

The American Arena League (AAL) is a minor professional indoor football league that began playing in 2018. The league was initiated by a merger between Arena Pro Football (APF) and the Can-Am Indoor Football League (Can-Am), although it claimed only the APF history after the former Can-Am founder left the league. Teams from both leagues, new teams, and later teams from Supreme Indoor Football and National Arena League constituted the new league for its inaugural season.[1]

History[]

Arena Pro Football and the Can-Am Indoor Football League[]

Arena Pro Football (APF) was originally announced as the National Arena Football League in 2016 following the dissolution of American Indoor Football (AIF).[2] The league announced their first three teams as the Birmingham Outlawz, Myrtle Beach Sharks, and Savannah Coastal Outlaws. The league changed its name to Arena Pro Football (APF) in September 2016 after the Birmingham Outlawz accidentally posted the NAFL logo of the proposed North American Football League as their league logo. They added expansion teams in the Cape Fear Wildcats and Richmond Roughriders. The league also added the Florida Tarpons and River City Raiders from the recently defunct AIF. The Central Florida Jaguars and Palm Beach Phantoms were also listed as members until both moved to the Jaguars' self-created league, Elite Indoor Football Conference. The Cape Fear Wildcats were later postponed to a presumed 2018 season. The Birmingham Outlawz later changed their name back to Alabama Outlawz after they failed to secure an arena in Birmingham. The Myrtle Beach Sharks announced they had joined the outdoor Gridiron Developmental Football League on March 7 and had left the APF.[3]

The Can-Am Indoor Football League (Can-Am) was also formed from the remnants of the AIF when Tim Viens, the owner of the announced 2017 AIF expansion team Vermont Bucks, started his own league. With Viens serving as league president, the league added the Buffalo Blitz and Ontario-Niagara Spartans (both run by owners of established semi-professional teams, the Buffalo Gladiators and Steel City Patriots, respectively), as well as the Connecticut Chiefs (travel-only), Glens Falls Gladiators (travel-only), Niagara Falls Thunder (also operated by the Blitz ownership), New Hampshire Brigade, Rochester Kings, as well as Viens' Vermont Bucks. During the Can-Am's first few months, it added and removed the Baltimore Lightning,[4] Cleveland Saints, an unnamed team in Erie, Pennsylvania, Lockport Lightning, and Reading Raptors as league members without playing a game.

Prior to its first season, the APF formed several agreements with other upstart leagues. The first affiliation was with United States Indoor Football, a summer league that was to play all its games in Savannah, Georgia, and operated by the Coastal Outlaws (the organization that also runs the Savannah Coastal Outlaws). On November 3, 2016, the league announced inter-league play with the Central Florida Jaguars' Elite Indoor Football Conference.[5] However, all references to the EIFC were removed in January 2017 even after the Jaguars and Phantoms had attended the December 2016 league meetings as APF affiliates. None of these inter-league games were ever played and the EIFC played one weekend outdoors before ceasing operations.

On November 14, 2016, both the APF and Can-Am announced an alliance with each other where the playoff champions of each league meet for an inter-league championship game. During the two league's first seasons, the Can-Am's founder Tim Viens announced on April 14, 2017, that for the 2018 season the APF and Can-Am leagues would officially merge and create the American Arena League, which the APF would later confirm.[6][1] The championship between the two leagues was never played or referenced by either league again.

The APF played its first game on March 10, 2017, between the Alabama Outlawz and Florida Tarpons, which Florida won, 42–18. After playing three away games, all losses, the Alabama Outlawz canceled its first home game. On April 26, they then announced that they had canceled the rest of their season, which had originally been scheduled as all home games. The Myrtle Beach Sharks appeared to have to rejoined the APF mid-season, however, it was for away games only and the team called the Sharks were wearing the defunct Myrtle Beach Freedom uniforms. After playing all five home games to open the season, the River City Raiders declined to travel to play the Richmond Roughriders for their scheduled May 20 game. The Roughriders were able to secure an opponent in the Atlanta Furious, a team that primarily played in the Southern Steam's Elite Indoor Football (although many of those league's games were played outdoors). The only other away games the Raiders had originally been scheduled for was one of the canceled Alabama home games and against the Myrtle Beach Sharks. By the end of the season, the only remaining teams operating were the Richmond Roughriders and Florida Tarpons. The Roughriders would defeat the Tarpons 74–61 in the championship game on June 10, 2017, after the Roughriders finished the season undefeated.[7]

The Can-Am also had significant inconsistencies in team members and scheduling. By the end of the season, there were only five teams remaining: the Buffalo Blitz, Glens Falls Gladiators (as a travel-only team, had a short winless season and were disqualified from playoff participation), Rochester Kings, Vermont Bucks, and the Tim Viens-owned Boston Blaze, a travel-only team that only played the second half of the season. The Rochester Kings finished their season undefeated with the Vermont Bucks and Boston Blaze each losing one game (Vermont lost to Boston, and Boston to Rochester). The Kings announced they were to host the Buffalo Blitz in the Western Division championship on June 3. The Bucks were to host the Boston Blaze in the Eastern Division championship. However, the Bucks later announced they were facing the semi-professional Central Penn Chargers, a team that primarily played in the Mid-Atlantic Indoor Football League, in their postseason game.[8] The Kings defeated the Blitz 64–12 and the Bucks defeated the Chargers 46–6. The Bucks defeated the Kings in Rochester for the league championship on June 12 by a score of 61–41.

American Arena League[]

In June 2017, the now-merged league announced its inaugural members over its social media page. From the Can-Am, the league added the Boston Blaze, Buffalo Blitz, Connecticut Chiefs, Glens Falls Gladiators, Rochester Kings, Vermont Bucks, and the Central Penn Chargers (the team that played in Can-Am playoff game against the Bucks). From the APF, the league added the Florida Tarpons, Richmond Roughriders, and the announced expansion team Hampton Roads Riptides.[9][10] The Roughriders had previously stated that they were looking to join to the Indoor Football League (IFL) or the National Arena League (NAL) and that they had not committed to joining the AAL yet. The AAL then deleted all references of the Roughriders from their social media posts within two days and the Roughriders later announced they had joined the National Arena League (NAL). By early July, the only teams that had not been deleted from their social media posts were the Bucks, Gladiators, Kings, and Tarpons. On July 13, the league added the Georgia Doom of Macon, Georgia. The Doom organization had played a few games as a travel team fill-in for the Dayton Wolfpack of the NAL the previous season.[11][12][13] The league also added the Triangle Torch and Upstate Dragons after they previously played in Supreme Indoor Football (SIF),[14] with the SIF's Cape Fear Heroes (the ownership group that operates the SIF) joining the AAL shortly thereafter.[15] By September 13, the Roughriders returned to the AAL when the NAL had increased its criteria for new teams. On September 20, the High Country Grizzlies, formerly of the NAL, also joined the AAL.[16]

By fall 2017, the teams began releasing their inaugural schedules and expansion teams, the Atlanta Havoc (owned by league president Viens) and the Carolina Energy, were added to the league. The AAL also added three affiliated teams that would fill in for home games of the league members and count for league games: the Austin Wild (formerly the Cap City Bulls of Austin, Texas, which had played as a traveling team in the SIF during 2017), the New England Cavalry (operated by the outdoor semi-professional organization out of Concord, New Hampshire), and the Savannah Coastal Outlaws (originally announced as an AAL member from the APF merger). In December 2017, another previously announced NAL expansion team, the Jersey Flight of Trenton, New Jersey, was added to the league. In January 2018, Tim Viens sold his first team, the Vermont Bucks, to solely operate the Atlanta Havoc. The new Bucks' owners then folded the team a month later and another new team, called the Peach State Cats (originally announced in the semi-professional Elite Indoor Football), was added but were only scheduled for away games. The Glens Falls Gladiators ceased operations just prior to the season, while the Coastal Outlaws would also never play an AAL game with many of their games replaced with the Carolina Cowboyz, also originally of Elite Indoor Football, to bring the league to twelve members and three affiliates to start the 2018 season.

Partway through the first AAL season, co-founder Tim Viens resigned from his positions within the league on April 14, 2018, and would also no longer be involved with his team, the Atlanta Havoc.[17] The league then moved their website and retroactively claimed to have been founded as Arena Pro Football and changed its name when the Can-Am teams joined.[18][19] The league continued to have scheduling issues and canceled games, leading to the Florida Tarpons,[20] East Carolina Torch (formerly the Triangle Torch until they were forced to relocate), and Upstate Dragons[21] choosing to end their seasons early. The last Can-Am team, the Rochester Kings, also appeared to have ceased playing league games altogether during the season. The Georgia Doom defeated both the league-leading teams, the Atlanta Havoc and Richmond Roughriders, but then chose not to participate in the playoffs.[22] The Havoc went on to win the championship over the top-seeded Roughriders 58–50.

Shortly after the 2018 season ended, the Atlanta Havoc announced their relocation to Florence, South Carolina, as the Carolina Havoc and that they would host the All-Star Game at their new arena. The AAL then announced the game would be broadcast on ESPN3 with Mick Moninghoff as play-by-play commentator on August 25. The game was held and the Stripes defeated the Stars by a score of 34–29, but the game was broadcast on Facebook instead and all references to their ESPN3 announcement were taken down on game day.[23]

On August 15, 2018, Richmond Roughriders' owner Gregg Fornario announced his intentions of creating a new league called Northern Arena Football (NAF).[24] His Roughriders team, despite the possibility of losing its home arena in Richmond for 2019, was not initially planning on leaving the AAL with the NAF only having teams north of the Maryland-Pennsylvania border.[25] The AAL affiliate team, the New England Cavalry, were the first team added to the NAF. However, by August 28, Fornario had rebranded the new league as Professional Arena Football (PAF) with multiple divisions, Northern Arena Football and Southern Arena Football,[26] and the Roughriders were announced as part of Professional Arena Football on August 30, leaving the AAL.[27]

By September 2018, the AAL confirmed five teams were returning for a 2019 season: the Cape Fear Heroes, Carolina Energy, Georgia Doom, High Country Grizzlies, and Peach State Cats (with the Cats relocating to Athens, Georgia, and no longer a travel-only team).[28] The Florida Tarpons left the league and formed a new Florida-based league while rebranding as the Lakeland Tarpons. The defending champion Carolina Havoc later announced they would remain in the league. The Roughriders returned to AAL, now the West Virginia Roughriders, after Fornario's plans for the PAF fell through.[29] On December 12, 2018, the league announced its 2019 alignment split into a four-team Northern Division and an eight-team Southern Division. The league also announced the return of the Jersey Flight, as well as the additions of the Carolina Cowboyz (now full-time members with a home arena in Pendleton, South Carolina), the travelling team Carolina Predators, the New England Bobcats (formerly of Elite Indoor Football), and the Burgh Defenders (Pittsburgh). The AAL then split the Southern Division into a Southern and Mid Atlantic Division prior to the schedule release. In January 2019, the league then added a Midwest Division composed of three teams that had been in the developmental Midwest Professional Indoor Football (MPIF): the Chicago Aztecs, Indianapolis Enforcers, and West Michigan Ironmen.[30] Less than a month prior to the start of the 2019 season, the High Country Grizzlies ceased operations and the Chicago Aztecs withdrew for the season reducing the league to 13 teams. The Georgia Doom and New England Bobcats later folded during the season. There were many other canceled or rescheduled home games either due to arena issues or the away team not traveling.

On April 27, 2019, league co-founder and president Jack Bowman died after an illness and the league championship was then named the Jack Bowman Trophy.[31] The Carolina Energy traveled to face the West Virginia Roughriders for the newly renamed championship on June 29, and the Roughriders won 55–29. After the season, Fornario again stated he was removing the Roughriders from the AAL.[32]

Teams[]

Current members[]

As of August 2, 2019. Italics represent travel-only teams.

Team Location Arena Capacity Founded Joined Head coach
Atlantic Division
Cape Fear Heroes Fayetteville, North Carolina Crown Coliseum 8,500 2011 2018 Chris McKinney
Carolina Havoc Florence, South Carolina 2017 2018 Anson Yarbourough
Carolina Predators Greenville, South Carolina Travel-only team 2018 2019 Andy Slagle
Midwest Division
Indianapolis Enforcers Carmel, Indiana Off The Wall Sports 2010 2019 KC Carter
West Michigan Ironmen Muskegon, Michigan L. C. Walker Arena 4,000 2016 2019 Nate Smith
Northern Division
Burgh Defenders Canonsburg, Pennsylvania Printscape Arena at Southpointe 2018 2019 Tjuan Washington
Jersey Flight Trenton, New Jersey CURE Insurance Arena 10,000 2017 2018 Nick Coppola
Southern Division
Carolina Cowboyz[33] Pendleton, South Carolina T. Ed Garrison Arena 4,500 2017 2018[lower-alpha 1] Dennis Holt
Carolina Energy Charlotte, North Carolina Bojangles' Coliseum 8,600 2017 2018 Ervin Bryson
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "WEEKLY SPORTS LEAGUE & FRANCHISE REPORT". OurSports Central. April 17, 2017. http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/weekly-sports-league--franchise-report/n-5249922.
  2. ↑ "Weekly Sports League & Franchise Report". OurSports Central. October 31, 2016. http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/weekly-sports-league--franchise-report/n-5212559.
  3. ↑ "PRO ARENA TEAM JOINS GDFL". GDFL. March 7, 2017. http://www.gdfl.org/news/pro-arena-team-joins-gdfl.
  4. ↑ "CAN-AM INDOOR FOOTBALL LEAGUE TO BEGIN PLAY IN 2017". OurSports Central. September 17, 2016. http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/can-am-indoor-football-league-to-begin-play-in-2017/n-5204320.
  5. ↑ "APF and EIFC Join Forces for 2017 Season". OurSports Central. November 3, 2016. http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/apf-and-eifc-join-forces-for-2017-season/n-5213305.
  6. ↑ "AAL Homepage". American Arena League. http://www.americanarenaleague.com/. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
  7. ↑ "Richmond Roughriders win APF Championship". WRIC-TV. June 11, 2017. http://wric.com/2017/06/11/richmond-roughriders-win-apf-championship/.
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named blazeoutchargersin
  9. ↑ Stephen Ur (June 20, 2017). "American Arena League Announces First 10 Teams". InsideTheArena.org. https://insidethearena.org/2017/06/20/american-arena-league-announces-first-10-teams/.
  10. ↑ "American Arena League announces first 10 teams". Hot Sprots. June 20, 2017. https://hotsprotstakes.com/2017/06/20/american-arena-league-announces-first-10-teams/.
  11. ↑ "Georgia Doom football coming to Macon Centreplex". WMAZ. June 27, 2017. http://www.13wmaz.com/news/local/georgia-doom-football-coming-to-macon-centreplex/452430926.
  12. ↑ "Georgia Doom to Join American Arena League". Inside the Arena. July 13, 2017. https://insidethearena.org/2017/07/13/georgia-doom-to-join-american-arena-league/.
  13. ↑ "WEEKLY SPORTS LEAGUE & FRANCHISE REPORT". OurSports Central. May 8, 2017. http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/weekly-sports-league--franchise-report/n-5255836.
  14. ↑ "Upstate Dragons to Bring Arena Football to Civic Center". Anderson Observer. August 7, 2017. http://andersonobserver.com/news/2017/8/7/upstate-dragons-to-bring-arena-football-to-civic-center.html.
  15. ↑ "Heroes unveil new practice facility, announce new league". The Fayetteville Observer. August 23, 2017. http://www.fayobserver.com/sports/20170823/heroes-unveil-new-practice-facility-announce-new-league?fref=gc.
  16. ↑ "High Country Grizzlies Leave NAL; Join AAL". Last Word on Sports. September 20, 2017. http://lastwordonsports.com/2017/09/20/high-country-grizzlies-leave-nal-join-aal/.
  17. ↑ "American Arena League Co-Founder Tim Viens Steps Down". Inside the Arena. April 17, 2018. https://insidethearena.org/2018/04/17/american-arena-league-co-founder-tim-viens-steps-down/.
  18. ↑ "League History". AAL. http://americanarenaleague.com:80/index.php/league/league-history.
  19. ↑ "League History". AAL. http://aalfootball.com/index.php/league/league-history.
  20. ↑ "TARPONS WILL BRING 2018 SEASON TO CLOSE AT HOME MAY 26 VS. UPSTATE DRAGONS". Florida Tarpons. May 19, 2018. http://www.floridatarpons.com/news/tarpons-will-bring-2018-season-to-close-at-home-ma.
  21. ↑ "Downhill 2018 Season for Upstate Dragons". June 2, 2018. https://insidethearena.org/2018/06/02/downhill-2018-season-for-upstate-dragons/.
  22. ↑ "GEORGIA DOOM WON’T PLAY IN AMERICAN ARENA LEAGUE PLAYOFFS". WMGT-TV. June 11, 2018. https://www.41nbc.com/2018/06/11/georgia-doom-wont-play-american-arena-league-playoffs/.
  23. ↑ "Broadcast Controversy, Player Roster Issues Steal Show in AAL All-Star Game". Arena Football Talk. August 29, 2018. https://www.arenafootballtalk.com/blog/broadcast-controversy-player-roster-issues-steal-show-in-aal-all-star-game.
  24. ↑ "Northern Arena Football, a new league coming in 2019". August 15, 2018. https://www.arenafootballtalk.com/blog/northern-arena-football-a-new-league-coming-in-2019.
  25. ↑ "Roughriders owner looking at Winston-Salem, will open new indoor football league". Richmond Times-Dispatch. August 9, 2018. https://www.richmond.com/sports/professional/roughriders-owner-looking-at-winston-salem-will-open-new-indoor/article_0eef0c8c-d3cf-59ce-bdec-e4d5378aecec.html.
  26. ↑ "What to Watch For in 2019 Arena Football Season". August 29, 2018. https://insidethearena.co/f/what-to-watch-for-in-2019-arena-football-season.
  27. ↑ "Roughriders Join Professional Arena Football". August 30, 2018. https://www.facebook.com/richmondroughriders/photos/a.231465747275602/541700816252092/?type=3&theater.
  28. ↑ "American Arena League Announces 2019 Teams". September 17, 2018. https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/american-arena-league-announces-2019-teams/n-5402571.
  29. ↑ "Roughriders Return to the American Arena League for 2019". West Virginia Roughriders. December 10, 2018. http://www.westvirginiaroughriders.com/news-h/344-roughriders-return-to-the-american-arena-league-for-2019.html.
  30. ↑ "It's Official: The American Arena League (AAL) & Midwest Professional Indoor Football League (MPIF) Come to Terms". January 19, 2019. https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/its-official-the-american-arena-league-aal--midwest-professional-indoor-football-league-mpif-come-to-terms/n-5439726.
  31. ↑ "AAL President Jack Bowman Passes Away". April 27, 2019. https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/aal-president-jack-bowman-passes-away/n-5478297.
  32. ↑ "West Virginia Roughriders Not to Return to AAL in 2020". August 2, 2019. https://insidethearena.co/f/west-virginia-roughriders-not-to-return-to-aal-in-2020.
  33. ↑ "Carolina Cowboyz". http://carolinacowboyz.com/.

Map of teams[]

Current AAL team locations (Atlantic Division members in green; Midwest Division in orange; Northern Division members in blue; Southern Division members in red)

Future members[]

  • Midway Marauders – Midwest Professional Indoor Football team announced as joining the AAL for the 2020 season.
  • Tampa Bay Tornadoes – listed as a member joining for the 2020 season.

Former AAL members[]

  • Atlanta Havoc – AAL in 2018; after one season where the team won the inaugural AAL championship playing out of Buford, Georgia, the Havoc relocated to Florence, South Carolina.
  • Austin Wild – SIF travel team in 2017 as the Cap City Bulls; affiliate AAL member during the inaugural 2018 season as a travel-only team with announced intentions to become a full member in 2019. Withdrew from the league after the 2018 season.
  • East Carolina Torch – SIF team in 2017 as the Triangle Torch in Raleigh, North Carolina; moved to Kenansville, North Carolina, prior to 2018 AAL season; after a 2–3 start to the 2018 season and continued arena issues, the Torch canceled their last three games; removed from the league website in November 2018.
  • Florida Tarpons – APF team in 2017; played half their 2018 season in the AAL before they decided to stop traveling to away games and eventually cancelled the remainder of the season. Started their own Florida-based league for the 2019 season, the A-League.
  • Georgia Doom – Joined the AAL after playing as a traveling team in the National Arena League in 2017; ceased operations during the 2019 AAL season.[1]
  • High Country Grizzlies – Joined from the National Arena League (NAL) for the 2018 AAL season; ceased operations in February 2019 prior to the start of the 2019 season.
  • New England Bobcats – Joined the AAL for the 2019 season after winning the Elite Indoor Football's 2018 championship; folded after four games into the 2019 season and a 2–2 record.[2]
  • New England Cavalry – Affiliate AAL member during the inaugural 2018 season as a travel-only team with announced intentions to become a full member in 2019. Withdrew from the league after the 2018 season. Announced as the first team to join the new league called Professional Arena Football. The PAF failed to launch and the Cavalry created the New England Arena League.
  • Peach State Cats – Originally announced as an Elite Indoor Football (EIF) team for the 2018 season, but joined the AAL as travel-only team for the 2018 season when the Vermont Bucks folded just prior to the start of the AAL season; played in Athens, Georgia, for the 2019 season. Left the AAL to found their own league, called United Arena League, for 2020.
  • Richmond Roughriders – APF team in 2017; AAL in 2018; after one season in the AAL, in which the Roughriders advanced to the championship game, they left the league when the owner started his own league, Professional Arena Football. The new league failed to materialize and the Roughriders returned to the AAL for the 2019 season as the West Virginia Roughriders.
  • Rochester Kings – Can-Am team in 2017 and only Can-Am team to play an AAL game after the merger to form the league in 2018; after a couple of home games, all remaining games with the Kings were removed from the schedule; removed from league website in November 2018.
  • Upstate Dragons – SIF travel team in 2017; played in Anderson, South Carolina, for the 2018 AAL season; after a 1–5 start to the season, the Dragons canceled all remaining games; removed from league website in November 2018.
  • West Virginia Roughriders – Won the 2019 championship, and then the owner announced they were leaving the league for the second season in a row.

Former listed AAL members[]

  • Boston Blaze — Can-Am team in 2017; announced as one of the inaugural 2018 AAL teams. A paper franchise created to fill schedule dates by the owner of the Vermont Bucks, the Blaze, despite being listed among the teams included in the merger, had already ceased operations between the 2017 regular season and the playoffs.[3]
  • Buffalo Blitz — Can-Am team in 2017; announced as one of the inaugural 2018 AAL teams. Ceased operations before August 2017.
  • Central Penn Chargers — Members of the semi-pro Mid-Atlantic Indoor Football League; played in the Can-Am playoffs with intention to join the AAL in 2018.[3] Dropped from the league before August 2017.
  • Chicago Aztecs – Announced as one of the members joining from the Midwest Professional Indoor Football League for the 2019 season, but withdrew before playing.
  • Connecticut Chiefs — Can-Am team that played one game in the 2017 season before folding midseason; for reasons unknown, the team was included in the initial list of teams.
  • Glens Falls Gladiators — Can-Am travel team in 2017; announced as one of the inaugural 2018 AAL teams. However, two weeks before the season started, it was announced that they would not play in 2018 and planned to return to the AAL in 2019.[4][5]
  • Hampton Roads Riptides — Announced as an APF expansion team in 2017; announced as one of the inaugural 2018 AAL teams. Dropped from the league before August 2017.
  • Savannah Coastal Outlaws — APF team in 2017; announced as one of the inaugural 2018 AAL teams but were removed from the AAL website in September 2017; re-added as an AAL affiliated travel team in November 2017 but do not appear to have ever played in the league despite being credited with a loss. Appears to have been replaced by the Carolina Cowboyz, formerly of Elite Indoor Football, on the schedule.[6]
  • Vermont Bucks — Can-Am team and league champions in 2017; announced as one of the inaugural 2018 AAL teams but have since folded due to financial difficulties. Original owner Tim Viens sold the team after the 2017 season local ownership after Viens started another AAL team called the Atlanta Havoc. A new ownership group obtained the brand and re-launched the team in the semi-professional New England Arena League in 2019.

References[]

  1. ↑ "Georgia Doom suspends operations for the rest of the season". WGXA. May 9, 2019. https://wgxa.tv/news/local/georgia-doom-suspends-operations-for-the-rest-of-the-season.
  2. ↑ "What’s the Deal with the New England Bobcats?". May 9, 2019. https://absolutearena.net/2019/05/09/whats-the-deal-with-the-new-england-bobcats/.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Vermont Bucks to Play Central Penn Chargers, Not Boston Blaze, in East Division Playoff". My Champlain Valley.com. May 21, 2017. http://www.mychamplainvalley.com/sports/vermont-bucks-to-play-central-penn-chargers-not-boston-blaze-in-east-division-playoff/718224324.
  4. ↑ "Glens Falls Gladiators To Return in 2019". americanarenaleague.com. http://americanarenaleague.com/index.php/teams/glens-falls-gladiators/46-glens-falls-gladiators/208/glens-falls-gladiators-to-return-in-2019. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
  5. ↑ "Glen Falls Gladiators of American Arena League fold 2 weeks before start of season". March 1, 2018. https://hotsprotstakes.com/2018/03/01/glen-falls-gladiators-of-american-arena-league-fold-2-weeks-before-start-of-season/.
  6. ↑ "Havoc schedule change to Cowboys". Facebook. April 23, 2018. https://www.facebook.com/atlantahavoc/photos/a.261127167741216.1073741829.256652894855310/355161431671122/?type=3&theater.

External links[]

v · d · eProfessional gridiron football leagues in North America


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