Association of American Universities

The Association of American Universities (AAU) is an organization of leading research universities devoted to maintaining a strong system of academic research and education. It consists of 60 universities in the United States (both public and private) and two universities in Canada.

Organization
The AAU was founded in 1900 by a group of fourteen Ph.D.-granting universities in the United States to strengthen and standardize American doctoral programs. Today, the primary purpose of the organization is to provide a forum for the development and implementation of institutional and national policies, in order to promote strong programs in academic research and scholarship and undergraduate, graduate, and professional education.

Benefits
The largest attraction of the AAU for many schools, especially nonmembers, is prestige. For example, in 2010 the chancellor of nonmember North Carolina State University described it as "the pre-eminent research-intensive membership group. To be a part of that organization is something N.C. State aspires to." A spokesman for nonmember University of Connecticut called it "perhaps the most elite organization in higher education. You'd probably be hard-pressed to find a major research university that didn't want to be a member of the AAU." In 2012, the new elected chancellor of University of Massachusetts Amherst, a nonmember of AAU reaffirmed the Framework goal of elevating the campus to AAU standards, which aspire them to become a member in the near future, calling it as a distinctive status. Because of the lengthy and difficult entrance process, boards of trustees, state legislators, and donors often see membership as evidence of the quality of a university.

The AAU acts as a lobbyist in its headquarters in the city of Washington, D.C. for research funding for its members. The association holds two annual meetings. The fall meeting is conducted on a member campus while the spring meeting is held in Washington. Separate meetings are held for university presidents, provosts, and other officials. Because the meetings are private they offer the opportunity for discussion without media coverage, and prominent government officials, businessmen, and others often speak to the groups.

Statistics
As of 2004, AAU members accounted for 58% of U.S. universities' research grants and contract income and 52% of all doctorates awarded in the United States. Since 1999, 43% of all Nobel Prize winners and 74% of winners at U.S. institutions have been affiliated with an AAU university. Approximately two-thirds of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 2006 Class of Fellows are affiliated with an AAU university. The faculties at AAU universities include 2,993 members of the United States National Academies (82% of all members): the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine (2004).


 * Undergraduate students: 1,044,759; 7% nationally
 * Undergraduate degrees awarded: 235,328; 17% nationally
 * Graduate students: 418,066; 20% nationally
 * Master’s awarded: 106,971; 19% nationally
 * Professional Degrees: 20,859; 25% nationally
 * Doctorates awarded: 22,747; 52% nationally
 * Postdoctoral Fellows: 30,430; 67% nationally
 * Students Studying Abroad: 57,205
 * National Merit/Achievement Scholars (2004): 5,434; 63% nationally
 * Faculty: approximately 72,000

Membership
AAU membership is by invitation only, which requires an affirmative vote of three-fourths of current members. Invitations are considered periodically, based in part on an assessment of the breadth and quality of university programs of research and graduate education, as well as undergraduate education. The association ranks its members using four criteria: Research spending, the percentage of faculty who are members of the National Academies, faculty awards, and citations. Two thirds of members can vote to revoke membership for poor rankings. annual dues are $80,500.

Founding members are bolded, and year of admission is shown in parentheses.

Canadian (2)

 * McGill University (1926)
 * University of Toronto (1926)

Former members

 * The Catholic University of America (1900–2002)
 * Departed as a result of "institutional emphases and energies" that differed from the other AAU members.


 * Clark University (1900–1999)
 * Departed because of a shift in the AAU's emphasis to large research universities.


 * University of Nebraska–Lincoln (1909–2011)
 * Removed from the AAU. Chancellor Harvey Perlman claimed that the lack of an on-campus medical school (the Medical Center is a separate campus of the University of Nebraska system), and the AAU's disregarding of USDA-funded agricultural research in its metrics, hurt the university's performance in the association's internal ranking system. In 2010 Perlman stated that had Nebraska not been part of the AAU, the Big Ten would likely not have invited it to become the athletic conference's 12th member.


 * Syracuse University (1966-2011)
 * Because of a dispute over how to count non-Federal grants, Syracuse voluntarily withdrew from the AAU in 2011. The Chronicle of Higher Education reported that after "...it became clear that Syracuse wouldn't meet the association's revised membership criteria, university officials decided that they would leave the organization voluntarily, rather than face a vote like Nebraska's, and notified the leadership of their intentions."