Malcolm Glazer

Malcolm Irving Glazer (born May 25, 1928) is an American businessman and sports team owner. He is the president and chief executive officer of First Allied Corporation, a holding company for his varied business interests, most notably in the food processing industry. He holds controlling stakes in Manchester United Football Club, and owns the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, a National Football League team in Tampa, Florida.

Biography
Glazer was born as the fifth of seven children of Lithuanian Jewish immigrants in Rochester, New York. He inherited his father's wholesale jewelry business.

The business first expanded into property, buying several mobile home (or "trailer") parks in the 1970s, mainly in the Florida area. He went on to become president and chief executive officer of First Allied Corporation, a United States holding company for his various business interests, such as food processing, marine supplies, health care, real estate, energy exploration, and broadcasting.

On April 16, 2006, Glazer suffered a stroke causing impaired speech and loss of mobility in his right arm and leg. At the time, his son Joel said "My father's spirits are high and doctors expect his condition to improve with rehabilitation," but after spending much of the intervening period in the hospital, Glazer suffered a second stroke in May 2006.

Business history
Glazer’s first attempt at a corporate takeover was in 1984, when he launched an unsuccessful $7.6 billion bid to buy the bankrupt freight rail company, Conrail. He also failed in an attempted takeover of kitchen designer Formica in 1988 and, later, with motorcycle manufacturer Harley-Davidson.

One of the companies that Glazer did purchase successfully was the nearly bankrupt Zapata Offshore, a remnant of Zapata, an oil and gas company founded by George H. W. Bush, which was left over after the latter's takeover by South Penn Oil to create Pennzoil. Glazer successfully diversified it into fish protein and Caribbean supermarkets.

Glazer has owned a diverse portfolio of nationwide investments which include food service equipment, food packaging and food supplies, marine protein, broadcasting, health care, property, banking, natural gas and oil, the Internet, stocks and bonds.

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
In 1995 Malcolm Glazer purchased the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, a National Football League franchise, for a then-record $192 million following the death of former owner Hugh Culverhouse. The front office staff of the team includes sons Bryan Glazer, Edward Glazer and Joel Glazer.

Immediately upon purchasing the Bucs in 1995, Glazer declared the team's home field, Tampa Stadium, inadequate and began lobbying local government for a replacement. Glazer entertained relocation offers from other cities, but kept the Bucs in place after the local government agreed to build the franchise the $200 million state-of-the-art Raymond James Stadium, construction of which was funded by a local sales tax increase. Due in large measure to a very favorable lease agreement in which the team collects most of the revenue from the stadium while the local government must pay almost all of the expenses, the franchise was valued at $963 million by Forbes magazine in 2007.

For the first several years, the Buccaneers experienced improved success on the field during Glazer's ownership. After suffering through over a decade of consecutive losing seasons, the Bucs made the playoffs in 1997 and the NFC Championship game in 1999 under coach Tony Dungy, and won their first Super Bowl in 2002 under coach Jon Gruden.

After Glazer began to take control of Manchester United in 2003 (see below), the Bucs' fortunes faded, as they spent far less on player salaries than allowed under the NFL's salary cap. Media observers and local fans have expressed their suspicion that Glazer has diverted funds from the Bucs to reduce the debt accumulated in the Manchester United purchase at the expense of the Bucs' continued success.

As the economy in the Tampa Bay area began to go down, the possibility of TV blackouts began to surface. The first blackout scare occurred before the Bucs hosted a Wild Card game against the New York Giants during the 2007 season. The team had originally banned non-Florida residents from ordering tickets through Ticketmaster. New York Attorney General Andrew Cuomo stepped in telling the Associated Press "There are constitutional prohibitions against states discriminating against other states' residents or impeding businesses by other states. There are possible discrimination issues." The Bucs would eventually drop the non-Florida residents ban and the game had the blackout lifted. The following offseason, the Glazers had announced that ticket sales would increase by an average of $15 per ticket although fans who had expiring PSLs did not have to pay another deposit to keep their seats at Raymond James Stadium and had the option to renew by signing a three-year agreement for which those who do will continue to receive an annual rebate of 5% on their original deposit fee. The price increase in tickets marked the sixth consecutive year the Glazers have raised prices causing their once-lengthy waiting list for season tickets to disappear. Regardless, all Buccaneers home games – preseason and regular season – had the blackout lifted in 2008 and in 2009.

Before the 2010 NFL season began, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers had sold out every preseason, regular season and postseason game at Raymond James Stadium. It was revealed recently that the Glazers have bought up unsold tickets in recent years in an effort to have the blackout lifted. But blackouts were eventually becoming a reality when Bucs co-chairman Joel Glazer warned of the possibility that Buccaneer home games could get blacked out. The blackouts officially became reality first when the Bucs confirmed well before the 72-hour blackout deadline that the team's preseason opener against the Kansas City Chiefs would be blacked out marking the first ever blackout at Raymond James Stadium and the first blackout of any kind overall since an October 26, 1997 game against the Minnesota Vikings at Tampa Stadium failed to sell out before the deadline. The Bucs later had their first regular season game blacked out when the home opener against the Cleveland Browns failed to sell out in time to allow for local television. There were hopes that home games against the Pittsburgh Steelers and the reigning Super Bowl champion New Orleans Saints games might sell out in time to have the blackout lifted but those hopes would soon be dashed when the Steelers game was blacked out and the Bucs announced well in advance through an e-mail to the Tampa Tribune by Chip Carter, sports director at FOX affiliate WTVT which would have aired the home game against the Saints, that the Saints game would be blacked out as well. Every Tampa Bay Buccaneers home game in 2010 has been blacked out for the first time since the 1996 season. The blackout streak continued into 2011, as the first two home games that season were blacked out as well (against Detroit and Atlanta).

Manchester United
Between 2003 and 2005, Glazer gradually bought out the shareholders in English Premier League soccer team Manchester United in a deal that valued the club at around $1.47 billion. The takeover was fiercely opposed by many fans of Manchester United, who organized themselves in the form of the independent Manchester United Supporters' Trust (formerly Shareholders United), partly because the Glazer takeover saddled the club with a large debt (over $850m) and interest that comes with it (approx £60 million a year). The mainly match-going fans object to the escalating ticket prices at a time when the club receives more money than ever from TV and sponsorship deals. In anger at the takeover, thousands of fans failed to renew their season tickets. Many of these fans got together to set up a new club called F.C. United of Manchester. The new protest club has had success which including three successive promotions in three years while attracting gates of well around 2,000 fans each week, with a record attendance of 6,731. Anti-Glazer songs and chants are still regularly heard at Manchester United and F.C. United games. Since 2005, the ticket prices at Old Trafford have been increased by over 42% (12.3% then 14% then 11%).

The protests were evident on March 10, 2010, with the Champions League match, and with the soccer business successfully concluded, United's supporters conducted a protest against the Glazer family, with huge banners unfurled around Old Trafford and thousands of green and gold scarves, the symbol of their discontent, on display. Joel and Avi Glazer were in attendance at Old Trafford. Fletcher's goal interrupted the well-orchestrated demonstration.

In March 2010, a group, which became known as the Red Knights and led by Goldman Sachs' chief economist Jim O'Neill, announced it was preparing a bid to buy the club from the Glazer family. However, a spokesperson for the club said that the Glazers were not interested in selling.

More support for the protest movement seemed to come from Manchester United fan and former England captain and United player David Beckham when he put on a green and gold scarf which had been lying on the pitch. This came after Manchester United beat Beckham's club Milan 4–0 in the Champions League in March 2010. Although Beckham subsequently denied that his action had any significance, it was taken by many to indicate that he was in support of the anti-Glazer protest and was described as "an iconic moment" by the Manchester United Supporters Trust. In early 2011, Glazer refuted a rumor that he was to sell Manchester United for a reported £1.6 billion to the Qatari royal family, stating that the club was not for sale at any price.

Personal life
Malcolm Glazer has been married to Linda Glazer since 1961. They live in Palm Beach, Florida and have five sons and one daughter:
 * Avram Glazer, Co-Chairman of Manchester United.
 * Kevin E. Glazer,
 * Bryan Glazer, vice-president at First Allied and Co-Chairman of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
 * Joel Glazer, vice-president at First Allied and Co-Chairman of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
 * Darcie S. Glazer Kassewitz, Co-President of the Glazer Family Foundation.
 * Edward S. Glazer, vice-president at First Allied and Co-Chairman of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

The Glazers attend the Palm Beach synagogue in Palm Beach, Florida.