Knox College (Illinois)

Knox College is a four-year coeducational private liberal arts college located in Galesburg, Illinois, United States. Knox is classified as a more selective institution by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and is ranked 75th among liberal arts colleges by the 2011 edition of America's Best Colleges in U.S. News & World Report. It is one of 40 schools featured in Loren Pope's Colleges That Change Lives.

History
Knox College was founded in 1837 by anti-slavery social reformers, led by George Washington Gale. Many of the founders, including the Rev. Samuel Wright, actively supported the Underground Railroad. The original name for the school was Knox Manual Labor College, but it has been known by its present name since 1857. The college's name came about through a compromise among its founders. Though founded by a colony of Presbyterians and Congregationalists, the county in which the college is located was already named Knox County, after Henry Knox, the first United States Secretary of War. Arguments have been made that the college was named for Calvinist leader John Knox, but it is not certain for which Knox it was named (if not both). George Candee Gale, a great-great-grandson of two of the founders, explains that

"'contrary to general belief, Knox was not named for either General Knox or the Scottish Presbyterian Knox, according to my father ... Some wanted the college named for one Knox, some for the other; so they compromised on KNOX. Certainly most of them were pious enough to want the churchman and fighters enough to want the soldier as well.'"

Knox was the site of the fifth debate between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas in 1858. The Old Main building is the only site from the debates that stands today. Two years after the debates, and during his presidential campaign, Lincoln was awarded the first honorary doctorate ever conferred by Knox College—a Doctor of Laws degree, announced at the commencement exercises of 5 July 1860.

Rankings
Knox College was ranked 71st among liberal arts colleges by the 2011 edition of America's Best Colleges in U.S. News & World Report. In August 2010, Knox was listed as one of the "Best-Kept Secrets: 10 Colleges You Should Know About" by the Huffington Post, based on a Unigo survey completed by over 30,000 students. In the August 11, 2010 issue of Forbes magazine, Knox was ranked among the Top 100 liberal arts colleges listed and over 600 evaluated; In the 2009 rankings, Knox was 101st of 600 listed.

The Princeton Review consistently cites Knox on its "Best of" lists, most recently in 2010 as one of the Best 371 Schools, and one of the Best Midwestern Colleges. The Kiplinger private colleges rankings for 2010 placed Knox 47th on its list of 50 best values in liberal arts, measuring academic quality and affordability. And in 2010 Washington Monthly named Knox among the Top 50 best liberal arts colleges, calling their list "a guide not just to what colleges can do for you, but what colleges are doing for the country." Knox College is also one of 40 schools featured in the book Colleges That Change Lives by former New York Times Education Editor Loren Pope. In the 2009–2010 academic year, The Chronicle of Higher Education noted Knox as one of 9 bachelor-level institutions to produce 2 or more Fulbright Awards for U.S. Scholars. In 2009, a Knox study of itself found that the college ranks in the top 3% of colleges by based on graduates who go on to earn a Ph.D.

Academic program
Knox employs a 3–3 academic calendar rather than a traditional semester-based approach. In each of the three 10-week terms, students take only three courses. Faculty members teach only two courses each term, giving them more time for one-on-one mentoring.

No matter what course of study students decide to pursue, education at Knox contains common elements, including an educational plan that students design.

Knox College introduced the school's honor code in 1951. All students are held responsible for the integrity of their own work, and students are required to abide by the code. Because of this policy, tests are not proctored, and in many cases students may take their exams in any open, public place within the same building. Any cases of students caught disobeying the system are evaluated by their peers through the Honor Board, a committee consisting of three seniors, three juniors, three sophomores, and three faculty members.

With the implementation of Renewed Knox, the 2003 curriculum overhaul, the school expanded its academic offerings to meet the needs of a liberal arts education in the 21st century. In 2003, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute awarded the school a $1 million grant to create a new major in neuroscience; in 2005, the college signed agreements with The George Washington University to create an early admission program into the university's medical school, and with the University of Rochester to create a direct admissions program into the university's Simon School of Business's MBA program; in 2007 the Peace Corps launched a new program at Knox, establishing the Peace Corps Preparatory Program, the first of its kind in the country; Chinese language instruction, Asian Studies, Environmental Studies, and Film Studies were all added; and new abroad studies programs have been created: the Japan Term, and Knox in New York.

Knox is also known for its Green Oaks term, an interdisciplinary program at the 700 acre Green Oaks Biological Field Station, during which students and faculty spend an entire term conducting research and creative projects and participating in courses in biology, anthropology-sociology, and English, as well as workshops in outdoor skills, first aid, and photography.

Knox also promotes top-notch undergraduate research, annually awarding students more than $250,000 in grants to support research and creative projects. Among the programs are the Ford Foundation Research Fellows Program, which funds the scientific, scholarly, and creative projects of 20 students each year, and the summer research program at Knox's Lincoln Studies Center. More than 10 percent of Knox students receive support for independent research and study from the Richter Memorial Foundation Program and the Pew Research Fellowships, which offers Knox students support for off-campus research in science and mathematics. In addition, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund supports student research in ecology and environmental studies and the AAAS/Merck Grant funds interdisciplinary scientific research.

Knox has many distinctive academic programs. The Honors Program is a year-long, in-depth independent research program in which one in seven seniors participates. It culminates in a major thesis or creative portfolio that is presented to and defended before an honors committee that includes Knox faculty and a specialist from outside the college. In 2007, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation awarded Knox a $228,750 grant to create a new Center for Research and Advanced Studies, which "will coordinate Knox's numerous existing programs that support advanced work in the natural and social sciences, humanities, and creative and performing arts."

Almost 50 percent of Knox students take advantage of the opportunities for off-campus learning, studying theatre in London, history in Barcelona, French immersion in Besançon, mathematics in Hungary, social development in Tanzania, language and culture in Japan, political science in Washington, D.C., and a host of other subjects in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the United States

Faculty
The Knox College faculty is made up of 120 professors, 97 percent of whom hold a Ph.D. or equivalent degree. The student-faculty ratio is 12:1, while the average class size is 17. Prominent faculty members include noted author Robert Hellenga, psychologist of materialistic values Tim Kasser, Middle East expert Robert Seibert, Evolutionary Psychologist Frank McAndrew, noted expert on 20th century American art and director of The National Center for Midwest Art and Design Gregory Gilbert, former Supreme Court Fellow Lane Sunderland, educational psychologist/gifted education & literacy specialist Stephen T. Schroth, heterodox economist Steven Cohn and co-chairs of the Knox-based Lincoln Studies Center: Rodney Davis and Douglas L. Wilson. In the 2009–2010 academic year, The Chronicle of Higher Education ranked Knox as one of the top producers of Fulbright scholar Awards for U.S. Scholars: with two recipients, Knox tied for second among bachelor degree level institutions.

Lincoln Studies Center
The Lincoln Studies Center was established in 1998 by Rodney Davis and Douglas L. Wilson, who serve as joint co-chairs. The center deals with issues relating to the life and legacy of Abraham Lincoln by fostering new research, publishing monographs, hosting annual lectures and occasional symposia. Students are often employed as assistants in the various projects conducted at the center. In August 2009, Knox was awarded an $850,000 grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities "We the People" initiative, "a grant that will provide the base of a permanent endowment for the Center."

Admission
According to The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, Knox is considered to be a more selective institution, with a lower rate of transfer-in students. For the school year commencing in 2011, more than 3,200 students applied, 1,600 were admitted and 460 chose to enroll. Of the class commencing in September 2011, 43 percent of students were in the top tenth of their class, 79 percent in the top quarter. The ACT composite Mid-50 percent Range was 26–30, the SAT Mid-50 percent Range 1190–1380.

Student body
1,420 students were enrolled at Knox in September 2011. These students come from 48 states and territories and 51 countries. Twenty-five percent of U.S. students are of color (7 percent African American, 9 percent Asian American or Pacific Islander, 9 percent Hispanic, 2 percent Native American), and 9 percent are international students. Women make up 57 percent of the student body, men 43 percent.

Financial aid
Knox says it is "committed to ensuring cost is not a barrier to [an] education." Over the past seven years, the annual increase in the comprehensive fee has ranged from 3.3 to 5.9%. A variety of merit-based scholarships (up to full tuition) and need-based financial aid packages are offered. As recently as 2012, both the Kiplinger's Personal Finance and U.S. News & World Report, named Knox a "Best Value" liberal arts college.

The comprehensive cost (tuition, room, board and fees) of an academic year at Knox was $47,352 in 2013–2014. U.S. citizens are eligible for a wide array of need- and merit-based scholarships, as well as various federal and private loan programs. There are numerous avenues for on-campus employment during the academic year. Knox College offers scholarships to qualified international students who wish to take full advantage of what the American liberal arts mode of education has to offer. International students are also eligible for on-campus jobs.

Fraternities and sororities
Knox College groups belonging to the sorority's Panhellenic Council (Alpha Sigma Alpha, Delta Delta Delta, Kappa Kappa Gamma, and Pi Beta Phi) conduct a formal recruitment process during the winter term. Groups belonging to the fraternity's Interfraternity Council (Beta Theta Pi, Phi Gamma Delta, Gentlemen of Quality, Sigma Chi, Sigma Nu and Tau Kappa Epsilon) conduct a formal intake process during the winter term. Formal recruitment is conducted during winter term to ensure first-year students have a chance to adjust to college life and classes before joining a Greek organization.

Traditions
Pumphandle is an annual tradition dating back to 1885 during which new members of the community are welcomed to Knox. On the afternoon before the start of the academic year, all members of the Knox community gather on the south lawn outside Old Main. The President of the college “leads the welcoming line, shaking each person's hand in turn. Everyone shakes the hands of those who have gone before, and the line grows, snaking around the campus.”

Flunk Day is an annual spring carnival that allows students, staff, and faculty to mingle and have fun. Classes are canceled for the day as the student body turns its attention to a joke issue of the student newspaper, live music, inflatable bounce rooms, petting zoos, a mud pit, a paint fight, and a seniors vs faculty softball game. The date of Flunk Day changes every year and is a secret until the entire student body is woken up at around 5am the day of. Flunk Day is of particular significance due to the fact that Knox College does not close for reasons other than Winter Break and Spring Break. This one day, Flunk Day, is a time that students, staff, and faculty can all come together.

Student media

 * The Knox Student — a weekly student newspaper
 * Catch — a Pacemaker-winning literary magazine
 * Cellar Door — a literary magazine
 * The Common Room — online journal of literary criticism
 *  Quiver — a genre literature webzine collective
 * Folio - a visual arts magazine

Knox's radio station is WVKC. It is located on the fourth floor of George Davis Hall, a former science building that now houses the social science and language departments. Its frequency in Galesburg is 90.7. It is ranked #7 in the nation for "great college radio station" by the Princeton Review in their 2011 Best 368 Colleges rankings.

Athletics
The current Knox College mascot is the Prairie Fire, a name it adopted in 1993 due to controversy surrounding the former mascot, the Old Siwash. The word Siwash is rooted in the language of the Chinook Indians of the Pacific Coast of Canada. It was a derogatory term used by European traders to refer to the local people. The term Old Siwash was popularized by George Helgesen Fitch (Knox Class of 1897) in his book At Good Old Siwash, and was soon adopted as the school's mascot. However, in 1992 a college publication urged the school to reconsider the name given its pejorative and derogatory implications. The Prairie Fire refers to the annual spring burning of the prairie lands at Green Oaks. First conducted in the 1950s by Knox professor Paul Shepard, the burn protects prairie grasses from intrusions of woodland scrub and competition with "exotic" species that have been introduced to Illinois from other regions or countries—to the detriment of organisms that have evolved over millions of years in delicate balance with the environment and each other.

Knox is a member of the Midwest Conference of the NCAA at the Division III level. The school offers 21 men's and women's varsity sports, as well as 11 club sports in such things as water polo, fencing, and ultimate frisbee. Recent athletic highlights would include the 2008 Conference Champion baseball team that participated in the NCAA Division III National Tournament, and Jaran Rutledge, a two-time All-American wrestler who placed in the NCAA Division III National Tournament in 2007(3rd) and 2008(8th).

Knox College is part of the sixth-longest college football rivalry in the United States with Monmouth College. The Bronze Turkey trophy, awarded annually to the victor of the football game, was created in 1928 and is the brainchild of Knox football alumnus Bill Collins. The Bronze Turkey was named the fifth "most bizarre college football rivalry trophy" by ESPN.

Campus
Knox College has 45 academic and residential buildings on its 82 acre campus. Knox boasts electron microscopes, a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer, a Celestron telescope, access to the Inter University Consortium for Political & Social Research, the Strong Collection of 18th and 19th century maps and photographs, the Hughes Collection of manuscripts and first editions from Hemingway and his “Lost Generation” contemporaries, and a 700 acre natural prairie reserve, the Green Oaks Field Station. In 2006, the new E. & L. Andrew Fitness Center was dedicated. The 13000 sqft, $2.4-million facility features state-of-the-art equipment, and is significantly larger than the former fitness center, Memorial Gymnasium.

The centerpiece of the Knox campus is Old Main. Old Main is "the oldest building on its campus, and is the best preserved site of one of the 1858 senatorial debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas." A National Historic Landmark and part of the National Register of Historic Places.

Built in 1928, the Seymour Library is was ranked 3rd "Best Library" in the nation by the Princeton Review in 2001. Inside its leaded glass windows and oak paneled reading rooms, the library houses 350,000 books and subscribes to more than 14,000 periodicals. Its special collections include the Finley Collection of Midwest History, the Strong Collection of 18th- and 19th-century maps and photographs, the Hughes Collection of manuscripts and first editions from Faulkner, Hemingway and his “Lost Generation” contemporaries, and an original Diderot Encyclopédie.

Famous professor and newspaperman Christopher Morley delivered a three-week-long series of lectures on "Literature as Companionship" at Knox in March and April 1938. In one of these lectures, entitled "Lonely Fun", he describes the Standish Alcove in the library as modeled after a "gentleman's library," and praised the opportunities the library offered for solitary leisure. In addition, Knox offers the Kresge Science & Math Library, which houses the scientific and technical collections of the college, and the Center for the Fine Arts Music Library (CFA), which has collections of compact discs, vinyl record albums, printed music scores, and a core reference collection.

Four public computer laboratories are accessible to students, with several more departmental labs available and a dedicated language laboratory. The largest, Founders Laboratory, is located in Seymour Hall (the student union), and is open 24 hours a day throughout the school year. Scanning (including film-scanning and optical character recognition) is available freely to student users, and printing and copy services are available for a fee. In a move to become more environmentally friendly beginning fall of 2005 recycled-content paper was phased in for use in all college printers, addressing the issues of paper waste.

In 2002, a major curriculum revision entitled "Renewed Knox" was launched. With this revision came the creation of six new academic centers: The Center for Research and Advanced Studies, The Center for Global Studies, The Center for Career and Pre-Professional Development, The Center for Community Service, The Center for Teaching and Learning, and The Center for Intercultural Life.

Students established the Knox College Community Garden in 2007 as an independent study project. It continues to be tended by student volunteers, and produces a variety of annual and perennial vegetables and flowers.

Recent commencement speakers
Each year since 2005, Knox has had several well-known commencement speakers, including Barack Obama (2005), Stephen Colbert (2006), Bill Clinton (2007), Madeleine Albright (2008), Patrick J. Fitzgerald (2009), Christina Tchen (2010), Majora Carter (2011), and Ed Helms (2013).

Alumni
Knox College has over 15,000 living alumni on all seven continents. The alumni giving rate was equal to 36.4% (the highest rate among liberal arts colleges in Illinois) in the 2008–2009 giving year, with more than 5,500 individuals contributing to the college. According to the 2009 Institutional Self-Study, Knox prepares its graduates well for life after graduation. 80 percent of those wishing to attend medical school were accepted (the national average was 50 percent), while 90 prercent of students who worked with the pre-law advisor were admitted to one or more law schools. Knox is also in the top 3 percent of schools whose graduates attain a Ph.D. In the decade ending in 2009, 15 Knox alumni have been awarded the prestigious Fulbright Scholarship for foreign study.

Notable alumni

 * Barry Bearak 1971 — New York Times journalist and visiting professor at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, winner of the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting
 * Earnest Elmo Calkins 1891 - founder of the first modern advertising agency.
 * Amy Carlson 1990 — Actress, known for her work on the NBC television series Third Watch, and Law & Order: Trial by Jury
 * Job Adams Cooper 1867 — sixth Governor of the State of Colorado from 1889 to 1891
 * Vir Das 2004 — Bollywood actor
 * Charles Eastman DNG — Native American physician, Native American activist, and Boy Scout official
 * Ethyl Eichelberger DNG — Born James Roy Eichelberger, a famous drag queen, playwright and actor, for whom a prize was founded by the downtown Manhattan theatre institution P.S. 122
 * Fred Ewing 1913, sixth head football coach of the University of Oklahoma and first to require academically eligible players
 * Eugene Field DNG — Poet, journalist, and author
 * John Huston Finley 1887 — Author, former editor of The New York Times
 * Jack Finney 1934 — Science fiction author. Works include The Body Snatchers and Time and Again
 * George Helgesen Fitch 1897 — Author, journalist, and humorist
 * David P. Fridovich 1974 — Lt. General in the United States Army, current director of the Center for Special Operations within the U.S. military's Special Operations Command that directs anti-terrorism campaigns.
 * Hobart R. Gay 1917 — U.S. Army general, served under General George S. Patton
 * Robert Hanssen 1966 — Former Federal Bureau of Investigation agent who was convicted of spying for the Soviet Union and Russia in 2001, and is the subject of the film Breach (2007)
 * Otto Harbach 1895 — Songwriter for whom Knox's Harbach Theater is named
 * Bob Jamieson DNG — ABC news correspondent
 * Frank J. Jirka, Jr. 1944 — Former president of the American Medical Association
 * Whitcomb Judson DNG — inventor of the zipper.
 * James M. Kilts 1970 — Former CEO of Gillette
 * Ismat Kittani 1951 — Former Iraqi Ambassador to the United Nations and President of the United Nations General Assembly. Also helped start Knox's Honor System.
 * Alex Kuo 1961 — Author, winner of the American Book Award
 * Thomas Eugene Kurtz 1950 — Co-inventor of BASIC computer language
 * Charles Wesley Leffingwell, 1862, editor of The Living Church magazine
 * Lorenzo D. Lewelling, 12th Governor of Kansas
 * Don Marquis DNG — Author and journalist
 * Edgar Lee Masters DNG — American poet and novelist, best known as the author of Spoon River Anthology (1915)
 * S. S. McClure 1882 — Muckraking journalism pioneer, founder of McClure's Magazine
 * Todd Monken 1988 - American Football Coach, Head coach at Southern Mississippi University
 * Ander Monson 1997 — novelist and poet, author of the novel Other Electricities, and Vacationland, a collection of poems
 * Saurabh Saklani 1996 — educationist, author of What Teens Need But Can't Quite Say, non-fiction
 * John Podesta 1971 — Chief of Staff for President Bill Clinton
 * Rose Polenzani DNG — Independent folk musician
 * Gene Rayburn — Announcer for The Tonight Show; host of The Match Game and other game shows
 * Hiram Rhodes Revels — AME and Methodist Episcopal minister, and first black U.S. Senator (1870-1871)
 * Barnabas Root 1870 — One of the first black men to receive a college degree in Illinois
 * Ezekiel S. Sampson — U.S. Representative and lawyer from Iowa
 * Don Samuelson - 25th Governor of Idaho from 1967 to 1971
 * Ellen Browning Scripps 1859 — Newspaper magnate, philanthropist, namesake of Scripps College
 * Robert Seibert 1963 — Professor at Knox College and author of Politics and Change in the Middle East
 * Joseph J. Sisco 1941 — Former diplomat under Henry Kissinger
 * Dorothea Tanning 1932 — Surrealist painter and wife of surrealist painter Max Ernst