Fumblerooski

In American football, the fumblerooski is a trick play, famously used by the University of Nebraska Cornhuskers against the University of Miami Hurricanes in the 1984 Orange Bowl. It was invented by John Heisman. In the fumblerooski, the quarterback deliberately places or leaves the ball on the ground upon receiving it from the center, technically fumbling it. The backs will run to the right, and the right guard will pick up the ball and run to the left, hopefully wide open enough to make a touchdown.

Uses
The first documented use of the fumblerooski was in 1933 at Greenville High School during the 1933 Texas High School Championship.

In the 1984 Orange Bowl game, #1 ranked Nebraska trailed Miami 17–0 after the first quarter. Early in the second quarter, Nebraska coach Tom Osborne called for the play, whereby Nebraska quarterback Turner Gill effectively "fumbled" the snap from center by setting it on the turf. The ball was picked up by All-American offensive guard Dean Steinkuhler, who ran the ball 19 yards for a touchdown. Nebraska famously went on to lose the game 31–30 (and with it, the national championship). Although this is widely regarded as the most famous occurrence of this play, it is actually not the first time that Nebraska ran it, having first tried it in a 17–14 loss to Oklahoma in 1979. Reflecting on the game years later, Miami coach Howard Schnellenberger denounced the use of the play: "We had to come up with some good plays at the end there to win it, but we did force them to resort to the fucking fumblerooski. I told them before the game if those bastards have to run the fumblerooski, come to the sidelines and party because they have given up their right of manhood."

The play was used by the Oklahoma Sooners four years later, in 1988, also against the University of Miami Hurricanes, who fell prey to the fumblerooski in a national championship game a second time. Sooner quarterback Charles Thompson left the ball for offensive guard Mark Hutson, who proceeded to run for a touchdown. Oklahoma would eventually lose to Miami 20–14.

In 1990, Florida State tried to run the play against Auburn in the 4th quarter with a 7 point lead. Auburn recovered the "fumble" before FSU's guard could "recover". Auburn would score the tying touchdown on the ensuing drive, and eventually win on a last second field goal by Jim Von Wyl, marking one of the very rare occasions that the play failed.

Nebraska used the play again on Oct 31, 1992 in a 52–7 victory over the University of Colorado. The ball was carried by offensive guard Will Shields, who gained a first down but did not score.

Like the NFL in the 1960s, the NCAA banned the use of the fumblerooski after the 1992 season, making intentional fumbles illegal. In April 2006, the NFHS followed suit, banning intentional fumbles, according to the Los Angeles Times. However, longtime former NFL referee Jerry Markbreit says the play is still legal, provided the quarterback places the ball on the ground behind himself, rather than in front (the forward fumble was banned as the result of another play, the Holy Roller). Direct handoffs to offensive linemen are still thoroughly legal, meaning that the play can still be executed as originally devised, except the ball must be handed off instead of left on the ground to be picked up. Furthermore, since 2008, the center himself can execute the fumble and the ball will be live once the ball hits the ground.

A form of the fumblerooski was used in the 2003 Chik-fil-A Peach Bowl by the Clemson Tigers against the Tennessee Volunteers. The quarterback, Charlie Whitehurst, laid the ball at the fullback's feet as he took the snap and ran a fake to the right while the fullback ran left for a touchdown.

A new variation of the fumblerooski was run by the University of Arkansas Razorbacks on October 7, 2006: the then-unranked Razorbacks used the trick play in their upset of the #2 ranked Auburn Tigers. The smallest Razorback player — 5’7” Reggie Fish — crouched hidden behind the line, out of sight of the Auburn defense. The QB took the snap, handed Fish the ball, and proceeded to run a fake play. This was the first time a play like this had appeared in major college football. A video can be seen here

The University of Texas Longhorns tried the same play against Nebraska on October 21, 2006. It failed to score, however, when Husker linebacker Bo Ruud picked up on the trick play and subsequently tackled the runner. Texas went on to win the game 22–20 after a last-minute field goal.

On December 10, 2006, the San Diego Chargers ran a successful fumblerooski variant, known as the Bumerooski, against the Denver Broncos that resulted in a 4-yard touchdown run for fullback Lorenzo Neal's first touchdown of the season. Wide receiver Vincent Jackson was lined up in the backfield with running back LaDainian Tomlinson. The ball was snapped to quarterback Philip Rivers, who handed the ball to Neal between his legs. After the handoff, Rivers and Tomlinson both sprinted right, with Rivers faking a handoff to Jackson faking an end-around right. At the same time, Neal faked a block, and, with the defense still unaware that he had the ball, sprinted left for the touchdown. This was technically not a fumblerooski as the ball was not set on the ground; instead this was merely a trick handoff, and might be considered a variant of the Statue of Liberty play. The Bumarooski is named after former NFL head coach Bum Phillips. Bum's son Wade was the defensive coordinator for the Chargers.

In the 2009 Pro Bowl, Le'Ron McClain scored a touchdown on a modified fumblerooski, closely resembling the Bumerooski. NC State used the same play in the 2006 Gator Bowl vs. Notre Dame for a touchdown.

Carolina Panthers
The Carolina Panthers used a variation of the play on December 18, 2011 in a regular season game against the Houston Texans which resulted in a touchdown by fullback Richie Brockel. This was not a true fumblerooski, as the ball was never fumbled and did not touch the ground. Instead, Newton handed off the ball to Brockel through his legs and faked the run to the right, while Brockel went left.

Bounce rooski
A variant of the fumblerooski is the "bounce rooski", in which the quarterback throws a pass behind him that bounces along the ground and to a wide receiver, attempting to fool the defense into thinking it was an incomplete pass. Once the defense is relaxed, the wide receiver (or even an ineligible receiver such as an offensive tackle) can then simply throw it to a player downfield, since a backwards incomplete pass counts as a fumble, and not an incomplete pass.

Texas A&M used this play, calling it the "Texas Special", in a 1965 game against the University of Texas, taking a 17–0 lead in what was nearly a big upset before eventually falling 21–17.

Colorado State used this to upset #10 Wyoming in 1966.

Nebraska completed this against Oklahoma in the 1982 NCAA season, with Turner Gill throwing a one-bounce backwards pass to Irving Fryar, who then threw a forward pass to Mitch Krenk.

During their first game of the 2010 NCAA season, Wake Forest fell to the bounce rooski by Presbyterian College. Immediately after the snap, P.C. quarterback Brandon Miley threw what appeared to be an incomplete short pass to the side, to WR Derrick Overholt. The ball bounced off the ground but into the hands of Overholt, who then feigned disappointment. The Wake Forest defenders fell for Overholt's incomplete-pass theatrics, not realizing the pass was to the QB's back, making it a fumble. Overholt then threw the ball down-field to waiting WR Michael Ruff who was wide open and subsequently ran the ball into the end zone for a touchdown. Wake Forest went on to win the game by a score of 53–13.

Popular culture
The fumblerooski was used in the 2005 remake of The Longest Yard to bring the prisoners within one point of the officers on the last play of the game (other than the two-point conversion).

The fumblerooski is featured as a play setting up the climax of the 1994 film Little Giants, in which the Little Giants score on the game's final play. In the film, the play was called "The Annexation of Puerto Rico", though the opposing coach played by Ed O'Neill correctly identifies the play, shouting "Fumblerooski! Fumblerooski!" This scene later served as the inspiration for the aforementioned December 2011 play by the Carolina Panthers

It was also featured in the 2008 film The Longshots, starring Ice Cube.