New England Sea Wolves

The Toronto Phantoms was the final name of a team in the Arena Football League, that also operated in New York City and New England.

New York CityHawks (1997-1998)
The New York CityHawks were a team in the Arena Football League. Their name was a reference to the peregrine falcon, several of which make their nests on ledges high up on New York's skyscrapers.

Despite the failure of the New York Knights in 1988, the AFL decided once again to make an effort to establish a team in the nation's largest media market, and granted a franchise to the New York CityHawks prior to the 1997 season. The major circumstance that differentiated this situation from that of the Knights was that the CityHawks' owners were also the owners of their home arena Madison Square Garden, whereas the Knights had been tenants there.

Background
The Arena Football League had intended to re-enter the New York market in 1997 by putting an expansion team in the New Jersey Meadowlands, located just across the Hudson River from New York City. Among the ownership of the new New Jersey team were several ex-NFL players, most notably former New York Giant Joe Morris.

In response to the AFL's placing a team in New Jersey, the Madison Square Garden owners requested a team of their own for the Garden. This request was granted by the League with only months to go before the beginning of the 1997 season, while the New Jersey team had been granted several months earlier. The New Jersey team, the New Jersey Red Dogs, thus had twice the preparation time as did the CityHawks going into both teams' initial season of 1997.

On the field
The CityHawks played poorly, winning only two of 14 games during their first season, despite being led by Head Coach Lary Kuharich, who had coached the Tampa Bay Storm to the league championship by winning ArenaBowl VII in 1993. Meanwhile, the cross-river Red Dogs, under Head Coach John Hufnagel, had charged out of the gate, winning 8 of their first 9 games, and setting a (then) league record by scoring 91 points in one game against the Texas Terror (a record which was surpassed in 2001 when the New York Dragons scored 99 against the Carolina Cobras). To illustrate the contrasting fortunes of the two teams: during the weekend of games that included June 20–21, the Red Dogs scored 91 points against Texas; the CityHawks scored only nine points in a loss to Tampa Bay.

In 1998, the CityHawks replaced Kuharich with veteran NCAA coach Chuck Shelton, who was taking his first Arena Football job. However, the team fared almost as poorly as they had done the first season, winning only 3 of 14 games.

Attendance and media coverage
The team drew very few fans in each of its two seasons at the Garden, and the coverage in the New York media ranged from nonexistent (at best) to derisive (at worst). On one occasion, then-Garden President Dave Checketts appeared as a guest on all-sports radio station WFAN, and he attempted to turn the conversation (which had been about the NBA's New York Knicks, which also were owned by the Garden's owners) towards the subject of the CityHawks. Upon hearing this suggestion, hosts Mike Francesa and Chris Russo laughed openly at Checketts, and refused to let him continue speaking about the CityHawks. The hosts did not stop their on-air mockery until Checketts returned to the subject of the Knicks.

However, Checketts and the Garden management were themselves largely responsible for the CityHawks' status as laughing stocks. First, they had applied for the team with very little time remaining for preparation before the opening of the 1997 season. Then, in their second season, they replaced a career AFL coach with a coach who had no experience with the Arena game.

The WNBA factor
But, the biggest failing on the part of Garden management was the lack of promotion—no billboards, no ads on television or radio, nor in the local newspapers. Indeed, both the unwillingness to promote the club and the inattention to the on-field product can be attributed to the same cause: the debut in 1997 of the WNBA (Women's National Basketball Association) and the Garden's team, the New York Liberty. The Garden's management put extraordinary effort into promoting the new basketball team, blanketing the media with ads for it immediately from its inception. In comparison, Garden management put very little effort into promoting, or even running, the team.

CityHawks fly away
The Garden owners announced that the club would be transferred to Hartford, Connecticut for the 1999 season, would be renamed the New England Sea Wolves, and would play at the Hartford Civic Center, an arena also managed (although not owned) by Garden management. After two seasons in Hartford, the club was sold to new owners who transferred it to Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and gave it the new name Toronto Phantoms. The league folded the team after the 2002 season.

Legacy
The CityHawks had several individual players of outstanding quality, most notably quarterback Mike Perez, kicker Mike Black, defensive specialist/kick returner Ron Carpenter, and all-around threat Connell Maynor. Maynor, a very interesting case, was primarily a quarterback by trade, but played wide receiver/linebacker for the CityHawks. One week in 1997, he won the award for the league's top "ironman" (player who plays both on offense and defense, as six of eight players must do in Arena Football). As a quarterback, Maynor would later lead the Orlando Predators to a league championship by winning ArenaBowl XIV.

In addition, the CityHawks were the first AFL team to have different helmets for home and road games. In 1997, they wore their gold helmets at home, with black jerseys and gold pants; and wore the reverse on the road: black helmets, gold jerseys, black pants. In 1998, they adopted a one-color scheme, dressing in all black at home, and in all gold on the road.

New England Sea Wolves (1999-2000)
The New England Sea Wolves were in Hartford for two seasons, and were coached by Mike Hohensee, the former Albany Firebirds coach who has been the head coach of the Chicago Rush since that team's inception in 2001. In 2000, the Sea Wolves posted the first winning record in franchise history (8-6). That season also saw the debut of offensive specialist Damian Harrell, who went on to blossom after the team moved on to Toronto, and has continued his fine career into the 2006 season with several outstanding years for the Colorado Crush.

The team did little better financially in New England than it had in New York, and was sold to new owners, who relocated it to Toronto after the 2000 season. The Sea Wolves played out of the Hartford Civic Center in Hartford, Connecticut.

Toronto Phantoms (2001-2002)
The Toronto Phantoms marked an abortive attempt by the Arena Football League to enter the Canadian market. The team was purchased by a group led by TD Securities Inc. investment banker, Rob Godfrey. The majority share of the team, owned by Rogers Communications, played the 2001 and 2002 Arena seasons in Toronto, and were then disbanded.

All home games were played at the Air Canada Centre, also the home of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League, the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association, and the Toronto Rock of the National Lacrosse League. The team's primary rival was the Buffalo Destroyers, located 80 miles south in Buffalo.

The Phantoms' logo included a Grim Reaper character whose scythe carried the word "Toronto" with the word "Phantoms" appearing over it. The name came from The Phantom of the Opera, the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical that played at the Canon Theatre (then Pantages Theatre) in Toronto for nine years. (It has also been suggested that Phantom Industries, a women's hosiery company, was also an inspiration for the name.)

In 2001, the Phantoms posted a reasonable 8-6 record, winning the AFL Eastern Division Championship, and making the playoffs. They would beat the New York Dragons in the first round of the playoffs; however, they would lose to the Nashville Kats in the second round.

In 2002, they went 5-9, missing the playoffs. Following the season, Rogers announced that they were suspending operations of the franchise. The Phantoms drew an average of just 6,976 fans per game over their two seasons at Air Canada Centre. Six years later, Rogers entered into a five-year sharing agreement with Ralph Wilson to lease Wilson's Buffalo Bills to Rogers for an annual regular season game in exchange for cash.

Among the notable Phantoms players were Offensive Specialist Damian Harrell, fullback/linebacker Jermaine Younger, as well as defensive back/wide receiver Ty Law (unrelated to the NFL player of the same name). During their time in Toronto, these players were not widely recognized in an already congested sports market.

Head coaches

 * Lary Kuharich -- 1997 (2-12)
 * Chuck Shelton -- 1998 (3-11)
 * Mike Hohensee -- 1999-2000 (13-15)
 * Mark Stoute—2001-2002 (13-15)

Notable players

 * Tommy Henry, Defensive Specialist [former CFL Grey Cup winning DB]
 * Damian Harrell OS
 * Ty Law WR/DB
 * Jeff Cummings, Offensive / Defensive Lineman [former CFL Grey Cup DL}
 * Pat O'Hara QB
 * Chad Salisbury QB
 * Jemaine Younger FB/LB
 * Chris Bell OL/DL
 * Steve Konopka OL/DL
 * Jerry Belizaire RB/LB

Media

 * The Cityhawks, Sea Wolves, and Phantoms all appeared on the game EA Sports Arena Football as hidden bonus teams.