Help:IPA for English

Throughout Wikipedia, the pronunciations of English words are conveyed by means of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA); for a basic introduction to IPA, see Help:IPA/Introduction. In particular, the following tables list the relevant transcription for various English diaphonemes; for a more complete key, see Help:IPA, which includes sounds that do not occur in English. (If the IPA symbols are not displayed properly by your browser, then see the links at the bottom of this page.)

If you feel it is necessary to add a pronunciation respelling using another convention, then please use the conventions of Wikipedia's pronunciation respelling key.


 * To compare the following IPA symbols with non-IPA American dictionary conventions that may be more familiar, see pronunciation respelling for English, which lists the pronunciation guides of fourteen English dictionaries published in the United States.
 * To compare the following IPA symbols with other IPA conventions that may be more familiar, see Help:IPA conventions for English, which lists the conventions of eight English dictionaries published in Britain, Australia, and the United States.

Dialect variations
This key accommodates standard General American, Received Pronunciation, Canadian English, South African English, Australian English, and New Zealand English pronunciations. Therefore, not all of the distinctions shown here are relevant to a particular dialect:


 * If, for example, you pronounce cot and caught  the same, then you may simply ignore the difference between the symbols  and, just as you ignore the distinction between the written vowels o and au when pronouncing them.
 * In many dialects, occurs only before a vowel; if you speak such a dialect, simply ignore  in the pronunciation guides where you would not pronounce it, as in cart.
 * In other dialects, (a y sound) cannot occur after, , , etc., all within the same syllable; if you speak such a dialect, then ignore the  in transcriptions such as new . For example, New York is transcribed . For most people from England, and for some New Yorkers, the  in  is not pronounced and may be ignored; for most people from the United States, including some New Yorkers, the  in  is not pronounced and may be ignored.

On the other hand, there are some distinctions which you might make but which this key does not encode, as they are seldom reflected in the dictionaries used as sources for Wikipedia articles:


 * The difference between the vowels of fir, fur and fern in Scottish and Irish English.
 * The vowels of bad and had in many parts of Australia and the Eastern United States.
 * The vowels of spider and spied her in some parts of Scotland and North America.

Other words may have different vowels depending on the speaker. Bath, for example, originally had the vowel (as in cat), but for many speakers, it now has the  vowel (as in father). Such words are transcribed twice, once for each pronunciation:.

For more extensive information on dialect variations, you may wish to see the IPA chart for English dialects.

Key
Note: The IPA stress mark comes before the syllable that has the stress, in contrast to stress marking in pronunciation keys of some dictionaries published in the United States.

(Words in are the standard lexical sets. Words in the lexical sets  and  are given two transcriptions, respectively one with  and one with, and with  and ).